Go back to the interactive dataset

Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Aging Data

Row numberRowIdYearStartYearEndLocationAbbrLocationDescDatasourceClassTopicQuestionData_Value_UnitDataValueTypeIDData_Value_TypeData_ValueData_Value_AltData_Value_Footnote_SymbolData_Value_FootnoteLow_Confidence_LimitHigh_Confidence_LimitStratificationCategory1Stratification1StratificationCategory2Stratification2GeolocationClassIDTopicIDQuestionIDLocationIDStratificationCategoryID1StratificationID1StratificationCategoryID2StratificationID2CountiesStates
501BRFSS~2022~2022~46~Q03~TMC01~AGE~RACE20222022SDSouth DakotaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage****Sample size of denominator and/or age group for age-standardization is less than 50 or relative standard error is more than 30%Age Group65 years or olderRace/EthnicityBlack, non-Hispanic{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-100.3735306, 44.35313005]}C05TMC01Q0346AGE65PLUSRACEBLK
502BRFSS~2022~2022~47~Q03~TMC01~AGE~RACE20222022TNTennesseeBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage****Sample size of denominator and/or age group for age-standardization is less than 50 or relative standard error is more than 30%Age Group65 years or olderRace/EthnicityBlack, non-Hispanic{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-85.77449091, 35.68094058]}C05TMC01Q0347AGE65PLUSRACEBLK
503BRFSS~2022~2022~48~Q03~TMC01~AGE~RACE20222022TXTexasBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage11.711.77.118.6Age Group65 years or olderRace/EthnicityBlack, non-Hispanic{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-99.42677021, 31.82724041]}C05TMC01Q0348AGE65PLUSRACEBLK
504BRFSS~2022~2022~49~Q03~TMC01~AGE~RACE20222022UTUtahBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage~No Data AvailableAge Group65 years or olderRace/EthnicityBlack, non-Hispanic{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-111.5871306, 39.36070017]}C05TMC01Q0349AGE65PLUSRACEBLK
505BRFSS~2022~2022~51~Q03~TMC01~AGE~RACE20222022VAVirginiaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage5.75.73.88.5Age Group65 years or olderRace/EthnicityBlack, non-Hispanic{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-78.45789046, 37.54268067]}C05TMC01Q0351AGE65PLUSRACEBLK
506BRFSS~2022~2022~50~Q03~TMC01~AGE~RACE20222022VTVermontBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage~No Data AvailableAge Group65 years or olderRace/EthnicityBlack, non-Hispanic{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-72.51764079, 43.62538124]}C05TMC01Q0350AGE65PLUSRACEBLK
507BRFSS~2022~2022~53~Q03~TMC01~AGE~RACE20222022WAWashingtonBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage****Sample size of denominator and/or age group for age-standardization is less than 50 or relative standard error is more than 30%Age Group65 years or olderRace/EthnicityBlack, non-Hispanic{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-120.4700108, 47.52227863]}C05TMC01Q0353AGE65PLUSRACEBLK
508BRFSS~2022~2022~55~Q03~TMC01~AGE~RACE20222022WIWisconsinBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage****Sample size of denominator and/or age group for age-standardization is less than 50 or relative standard error is more than 30%Age Group65 years or olderRace/EthnicityBlack, non-Hispanic{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-89.81637074, 44.39319117]}C05TMC01Q0355AGE65PLUSRACEBLK
509BRFSS~2022~2022~54~Q03~TMC01~AGE~RACE20222022WVWest VirginiaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage****Sample size of denominator and/or age group for age-standardization is less than 50 or relative standard error is more than 30%Age Group65 years or olderRace/EthnicityBlack, non-Hispanic{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-80.71264013, 38.6655102]}C05TMC01Q0354AGE65PLUSRACEBLK
510BRFSS~2022~2022~56~Q03~TMC01~AGE~RACE20222022WYWyomingBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage~No Data AvailableAge Group65 years or olderRace/EthnicityBlack, non-Hispanic{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-108.1098304, 43.23554134]}C05TMC01Q0356AGE65PLUSRACEBLK
511BRFSS~2022~2022~02~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022AKAlaskaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.210.27.813.1Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-147.722059, 64.84507996]}C05TMC01Q0302AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
512BRFSS~2022~2022~01~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022ALAlabamaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage11.011.08.713.8Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-86.63186076, 32.84057112]}C05TMC01Q0301AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
513BRFSS~2022~2022~05~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022ARArkansasBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.510.58.612.7Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-92.27449074, 34.74865012]}C05TMC01Q0305AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
514BRFSS~2022~2022~04~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022AZArizonaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage11.511.59.314.1Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-111.7638113, 34.86597028]}C05TMC01Q0304AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
515BRFSS~2022~2022~06~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022CACaliforniaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.110.18.012.7Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-120.9999995, 37.63864012]}C05TMC01Q0306AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
516BRFSS~2022~2022~08~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022COColoradoBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage9.19.17.011.8Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-106.1336109, 38.84384076]}C05TMC01Q0308AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
517BRFSS~2022~2022~09~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022CTConnecticutBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage9.69.66.613.7Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-72.64984095, 41.56266102]}C05TMC01Q0309AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
518BRFSS~2022~2022~11~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022DCDistrict of ColumbiaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage7.37.35.010.6Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-77.036871, 38.907192]}C05TMC01Q0311AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
519BRFSS~2022~2022~10~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022DEDelawareBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage9.29.27.111.8Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-75.57774117, 39.00883067]}C05TMC01Q0310AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
520BRFSS~2022~2022~12~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022FLFloridaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage11.611.69.114.6Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-81.92896054, 28.93204038]}C05TMC01Q0312AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
521BRFSS~2022~2022~13~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022GAGeorgiaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.910.98.913.2Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-83.62758035, 32.83968109]}C05TMC01Q0313AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
522BRFSS~2022~2022~15~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022HIHawaiiBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage7.17.15.68.9Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-157.8577494, 21.30485044]}C05TMC01Q0315AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
523BRFSS~2022~2022~19~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022IAIowaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage9.39.37.611.3Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-93.81649056, 42.46940091]}C05TMC01Q0319AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
524BRFSS~2022~2022~16~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022IDIdahoBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.510.58.313.1Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-114.36373, 43.68263001]}C05TMC01Q0316AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
525BRFSS~2022~2022~17~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022ILIllinoisBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage12.212.28.916.6Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-88.99771018, 40.48501028]}C05TMC01Q0317AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
526BRFSS~2022~2022~18~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022INIndianaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.510.58.812.4Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-86.14996019, 39.76691045]}C05TMC01Q0318AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
527BRFSS~2022~2022~20~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022KSKansasBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage8.78.77.410.2Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-98.20078123, 38.3477403]}C05TMC01Q0320AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
528BRFSS~2022~2022~21~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022KYKentuckyBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage11.211.28.015.4Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-84.77497105, 37.64597027]}C05TMC01Q0321AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
529BRFSS~2022~2022~22~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022LALouisianaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage14.314.311.617.4Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-92.44568007, 31.31266064]}C05TMC01Q0322AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
530BRFSS~2022~2022~25~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022MAMassachusettsBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.410.48.412.9Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-72.08269067, 42.27687047]}C05TMC01Q0325AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
531BRFSS~2022~2022~24~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022MDMarylandBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.810.89.012.9Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-76.60926011, 39.29058096]}C05TMC01Q0324AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
532BRFSS~2022~2022~23~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022MEMaineBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage9.49.47.811.3Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-68.98503134, 45.25422889]}C05TMC01Q0323AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
533BRFSS~2022~2022~26~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022MIMichiganBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.310.38.712.3Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-84.71439027, 44.66131954]}C05TMC01Q0326AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
534BRFSS~2022~2022~27~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022MNMinnesotaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage8.28.26.89.8Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-94.7942005, 46.35564874]}C05TMC01Q0327AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
535BRFSS~2022~2022~29~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022MOMissouriBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.610.68.513.1Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-92.56630005, 38.63579078]}C05TMC01Q0329AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
536BRFSS~2022~2022~28~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022MSMississippiBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage9.99.96.914.0Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-89.53803082, 32.7455101]}C05TMC01Q0328AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
537BRFSS~2022~2022~30~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022MTMontanaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage9.69.67.911.6Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-109.4244206, 47.06652897]}C05TMC01Q0330AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
538BRFSS~2022~2022~37~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022NCNorth CarolinaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage11.811.87.917.2Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-79.15925046, 35.46622098]}C05TMC01Q0337AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
539BRFSS~2022~2022~38~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022NDNorth DakotaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage6.76.74.69.7Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-100.118421, 47.47531978]}C05TMC01Q0338AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
540BRFSS~2022~2022~31~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022NENebraskaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage8.28.26.710.0Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-99.36572062, 41.64104099]}C05TMC01Q0331AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
541BRFSS~2022~2022~33~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022NHNew HampshireBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage9.69.68.111.5Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-71.50036092, 43.65595011]}C05TMC01Q0333AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
542BRFSS~2022~2022~34~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022NJNew JerseyBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.410.48.013.4Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-74.27369129, 40.13057005]}C05TMC01Q0334AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
543BRFSS~2022~2022~35~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022NMNew MexicoBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage8.68.66.611.3Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-106.240581, 34.52088095]}C05TMC01Q0335AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
544BRFSS~2022~2022~32~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022NVNevadaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage12.012.08.616.6Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-117.0718406, 39.49324039]}C05TMC01Q0332AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
545BRFSS~2022~2022~36~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022NYNew YorkBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage12.112.110.114.5Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-75.54397043, 42.82700103]}C05TMC01Q0336AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
546BRFSS~2022~2022~39~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022OHOhioBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage10.610.69.012.4Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-82.40426006, 40.06021014]}C05TMC01Q0339AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
547BRFSS~2022~2022~40~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022OKOklahomaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage11.211.29.213.6Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-97.52107021, 35.47203136]}C05TMC01Q0340AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
548BRFSS~2022~2022~41~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022OROregonBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage11.511.59.114.5Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-120.1550313, 44.56744942]}C05TMC01Q0341AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
549BRFSS~2022~2022~42~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022PAPennsylvaniaBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage9.79.76.813.5Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-77.86070029, 40.79373015]}C05TMC01Q0342AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE
550BRFSS~2022~2022~44~Q03~TMC01~AGE~GENDER20222022RIRhode IslandBRFSSMental HealthFrequent mental distressPercentage of older adults who are experiencing frequent mental distress%PRCTGPercentage8.88.86.911.2Age Group65 years or olderGenderFemale{"type"=>"Point", "coordinates"=>[-71.52247031, 41.70828019]}C05TMC01Q0344AGE65PLUSGENDERFEMALE

About

Profile Picture DPH Public Inquiries

created May 16 2016

updated Apr 29 2024

Description

2015-2022. This data set contains data from BRFSS.

Activity
Community Rating
Current value: 0 out of 5
Raters
0
Visits
42614
Downloads
76774
Comments
0
Contributors
0
Meta
Category
Healthy Aging
Permissions
Public
Tags
aging, falls, overall health, fruits and vegetables, vaccines, cognitive health, caregiver, alcohol, screenings, obesity, smoking
Row Label
SODA2 Only
Yes
Licensing and Attribution
Data Provided By
CDC Division of Population Health
Source Link
https://www.cdc.gov/aging/index.html
License
Public Domain
Common Core
Contact Name
DPH Public Inquiries
Contact Email
PublicInquiriesDPH@cdc.gov
Publisher
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Public Access Level
public
References
https://www.cdc.gov/aging/index.html
Issued
7/27/2023
Bureau Code
009:20
Program Code
009:020
Described By
https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Healthy-Aging/Alzheimer-s-Disease-and-Healthy-Aging-Data/hfr9-rurv
Homepage
https://www.cdc.gov/aging/index.html

Filter

  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;

Sort

  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • ;

Search

Post a Comment

Comments

  • Total Comments: 0
  • Average Rating: 0.0

Sharing

This dataset is public

Publishing

See Preview