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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 281451 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.9 | 71.8 | 88.9 | 92 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 50 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 281452 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 22.2 | 18.6 | 26.3 | 120 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 42 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES113 | |||
| 281453 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 24 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES41 | ||||||
| 281454 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 2 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 23 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 281455 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 20 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 31 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 281456 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 23.4 | 20.2 | 27.1 | 162 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 49 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 281457 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 35.1 | 27.3 | 43.8 | 112 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 39 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 281458 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 76 | 70.6 | 80.7 | 597 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 25 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES27 | |||
| 281459 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 37.7 | 30.1 | 45.9 | 54 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 50 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 281460 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 26.8 | 23.7 | 30.1 | 314 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 2 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 281461 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 51 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 41 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 281462 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 94.5 | 92.1 | 96.2 | 687 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 31 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 281463 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.1 | 0.7 | 6.5 | 9 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 41 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 281464 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 7.2 | 5.1 | 10.1 | 55 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | 8 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 281465 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.3 | 79 | 86.8 | 315 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 13 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 281466 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 227 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 2 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 281467 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | SOMETIMES | % | Percentage | 19.3 | 16 | 23.2 | 95 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 50 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES35 | |||
| 281468 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14.4 | 10.6 | 19.3 | 51 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 17 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 281469 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 7.6 | 5.4 | 10.5 | 44 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 37 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 281470 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 54 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 281471 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.9 | 5.6 | 10.9 | 37 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 17 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 281472 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.6 | 2.7 | 8 | 12 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 41 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 281473 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 65.1 | 61.5 | 68.7 | 712 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 36 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 281474 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 63.5 | 56.8 | 69.7 | 167 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 37 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 281475 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Was your baby seen by a doctor nurse or other health care provider in the first week after he or she left the hospital? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 92.5 | 89.9 | 94.4 | 590 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO101 | 56 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 281476 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.4 | 2 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 39 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES12 | |||
| 281477 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.4 | 3.3 | 15.4 | 9 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 55 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 281478 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92 | 85.2 | 95.8 | 263 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 24 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 281479 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9.5 | 6.8 | 13.1 | 33 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 49 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 281480 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 7.1 | 2.9 | 16.4 | 5 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | 56 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 281481 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 93.2 | 86.8 | 96.6 | 290 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 13 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 281482 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.7 | 12.9 | 19 | 96 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 39 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 281483 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Was your baby seen by a doctor nurse or other health care provider in the first week after he or she left the hospital? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 89 | 78.4 | 94.8 | 78 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO101 | 23 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 281484 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 6.2 | 3.3 | 11.5 | 27 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 27 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES13 | |||
| 281485 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 19 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 28 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 281486 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 20 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 49 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 281487 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | NBW (>2500g) | % | Percentage | 93.3 | 92.6 | 93.9 | 727 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 17 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES119 | |||
| 281488 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 37 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 281489 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Indicator of whether an HIV test was refused among women offered the test | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO142 | 13 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | ||||||
| 281490 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 34 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 56 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 281491 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 5.8 | 2.7 | 12 | 6 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 15 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES13 | |||
| 281492 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 4.5 | 2.4 | 8.1 | 10 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 55 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 281493 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1186 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 53 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 281494 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.2 | 91.5 | 94.6 | 1128 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 27 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 281495 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 16 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 37 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 281496 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.6 | 84.6 | 97.5 | 84 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 56 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 281497 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 36.1 | 29.2 | 43.5 | 122 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 8 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 281498 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 20.5 | 15.6 | 26.5 | 108 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 13 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 281499 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 12.4 | 9 | 16.9 | 60 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 54 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES41 | |||
| 281500 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 6.9 | 5.2 | 9.1 | 46 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 10 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES13 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
