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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 285151 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 71.1 | 63.1 | 77.9 | 116 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 17 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 285152 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Health | Before you got pregnant did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk to you about how to prepare for a healthy pregnancy and baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 43.7 | 38.4 | 49 | 187 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP41 | QUO91 | 23 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 285153 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | NONE | % | Percentage | 26.5 | 23.4 | 29.9 | 207 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 39 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES999 | |||
| 285154 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 1.1 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 6 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 27 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES13 | |||
| 285155 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Medicaid | % | Percentage | 50.7 | 46.6 | 54.8 | 310 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 50 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES107 | |||
| 285156 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | STOMACH | % | Percentage | 7.2 | 3.2 | 15.3 | 18 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 8 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES68 | |||
| 285157 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.3 | 97 | 99 | 894 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 25 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||
| 285158 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 10.6 | 5.5 | 19.3 | 19 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 27 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 285159 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 17.5 | 12.8 | 23.5 | 39 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 17 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 285160 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 38.8 | 23.5 | 56.8 | 26 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 47 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 285161 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 3.3 | 1.9 | 5.6 | 18 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 23 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES8 | |||
| 285162 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK | % | Percentage | 70.6 | 67.9 | 73.1 | 1044 | None | None | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 26 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES63 | |||
| 285163 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous fetal death stillbirth or miscarriage | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14.6 | 11.2 | 18.8 | 47 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO175 | 10 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 285164 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 80.2 | 77.3 | 82.8 | 810 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 42 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 285165 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 54 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 24 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 285166 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.9 | 10.9 | 17.5 | 85 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 55 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 285167 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.5 | 97.4 | 99.1 | 1012 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 17 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES24 | |||
| 285168 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.7 | 88.9 | 99.6 | 84 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 27 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 285169 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 10.6 | 7.6 | 14.6 | 31 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 54 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES41 | |||
| 285170 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE | % | Percentage | 7 | 3.2 | 14.7 | 12 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 27 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES65 | |||
| 285171 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | Yes | % | Percentage | 57.4 | 52.5 | 62.1 | 344 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 55 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES48 | |||
| 285172 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.9 | 2.2 | 10.5 | 12 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 36 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 285173 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 88.8 | 84.7 | 91.9 | 362 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 49 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES24 | |||
| 285174 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 57.2 | 52.2 | 62 | 351 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 31 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 285175 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 77.3 | 65.4 | 86 | 62 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 27 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 285176 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.9 | 88.9 | 92.6 | 1091 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 31 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 285177 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 5.6 | 2.9 | 10.6 | 9 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 28 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES3 | |||
| 285178 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 37.1 | 29 | 45.9 | 63 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 50 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES2 | |||
| 285179 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 45.2 | 42.1 | 48.2 | 509 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 50 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 285180 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.4 | 94.5 | 97.7 | 556 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 15 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES24 | |||
| 285181 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 91.7 | 83.9 | 96 | 93 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 37 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES24 | |||
| 285182 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK/STOMACH | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 4 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 5 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES64 | |||
| 285183 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not think she could become pregnant (sterile) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO81 | 42 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES41 | ||||||
| 285184 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | State Specific | % | Percentage | 24.9 | 19.8 | 30.7 | 116 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 8 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES139 | |||
| 285185 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 24 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | ||||||
| 285186 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 82.7 | 70.6 | 90.5 | 125 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 41 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 285187 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 52.7 | 47.9 | 57.4 | 312 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 23 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 285188 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.7 | 9 | 17.7 | 56 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 36 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 285189 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 78.2 | 70.6 | 84.3 | 139 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 55 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES24 | |||
| 285190 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18 | 15.4 | 20.9 | 162 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 34 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 285191 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE/BACK | % | Percentage | 1.9 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 13 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 8 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES66 | |||
| 285192 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Indicator of whether an HIV test was refused among women offered the test | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 42.4 | 24 | 63.2 | 24 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO142 | 25 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 285193 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | NO PREV LIVE BRTH | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 50 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES59 | ||||||
| 285194 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.1 | 4.3 | 11.6 | 38 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 36 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 285195 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 24 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | ||||||
| 285196 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 50 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 39 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 285197 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | OBESE (30.0 + ) | % | Percentage | 21.1 | 16.3 | 27 | 57 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 42 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES43 | |||
| 285198 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 6.1 | 4.1 | 9 | 38 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 42 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 285199 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18 | 14.7 | 21.9 | 170 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 24 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 285200 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 2.1 | 0.8 | 5.1 | 8 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 24 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
