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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 285951 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | SOMETIMES | % | Percentage | 18.6 | 15.6 | 22 | 160 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 26 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES35 | |||
| 285952 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 5 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES41 | ||||||
| 285953 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 3.3 | 0.8 | 13.1 | 7 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 41 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 285954 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 7.1 | 4.8 | 10.3 | 23 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 31 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 285955 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.1 | 84.8 | 89.1 | 854 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 15 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 285956 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 29 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 40 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 285957 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 74.1 | 66.8 | 80.4 | 141 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 42 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 285958 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.4 | 81 | 85.5 | 974 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 17 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 285959 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 1.7 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 8 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 27 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES3 | |||
| 285960 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 978 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 54 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 285961 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 16.3 | 13.1 | 20.3 | 111 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 5 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 285962 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.2 | 18.2 | 31.4 | 120 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 40 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 285963 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 97.1 | 94.9 | 98.4 | 340 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 34 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES24 | |||
| 285964 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Injury Prevention | Home has a working smoke alarm | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 97 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP40 | QUO188 | 42 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 285965 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 83 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 23 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 285966 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 40.9 | 33.6 | 48.6 | 77 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 10 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 285967 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | WIC | During your pregnancy were you on WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children)? | PRAMS | WIC | % | Percentage | 45.8 | 42 | 49.7 | 778 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA10 | TOP25 | QUO43 | 41 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES51 | |||
| 285968 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.7 | 1.4 | 5 | 12 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 28 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 285969 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 17.7 | 14.4 | 21.7 | 159 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 24 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 285970 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 23 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 31 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 285971 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Health | Before you got pregnant did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk to you about how to prepare for a healthy pregnancy and baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 69.1 | 59.9 | 77 | 130 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP41 | QUO91 | 23 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 285972 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 7.8 | 4.3 | 13.7 | 11 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 27 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES41 | |||
| 285973 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.6 | 76.3 | 89 | 116 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 10 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 285974 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 22.8 | 20.5 | 25.3 | 386 | None | None | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 26 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 285975 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0 | 0.7 | 2 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 25 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES12 | |||
| 285976 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18.6 | 16 | 21.4 | 172 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 34 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 285977 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 41.4 | 37.5 | 45.4 | 297 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 55 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 285978 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 22.8 | 16.5 | 30.7 | 76 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 13 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES113 | |||
| 285979 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 85 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 2 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 285980 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 92.6 | 90.6 | 94.2 | 1015 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 23 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 285981 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 59.9 | 55.9 | 63.7 | 1098 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 40 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 285982 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.1 | 89.6 | 94 | 615 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 42 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 285983 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.9 | 1.7 | 5 | 17 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 23 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 285984 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did anyone else physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.6 | 0.5 | 4.5 | 7 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO314 | 31 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 285985 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.8 | 20.9 | 29.1 | 132 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 34 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 285986 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 89.2 | 56.1 | 98.2 | 28 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 53 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 285987 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.2 | 8.2 | 26.4 | 13 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 56 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 285988 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 71.4 | 58.4 | 81.5 | 60 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 47 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 285989 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 60 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 36 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 285990 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 87 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 49 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 285991 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 45.5 | 33.5 | 58 | 45 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 31 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 285992 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 49.2 | 44.7 | 53.8 | 394 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 28 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 285993 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86.9 | 67.6 | 95.4 | 25 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 44 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 285994 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about getting your blood tested for HIV? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 48 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO39 | 13 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 285995 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 91.7 | 87.5 | 94.6 | 343 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 47 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES24 | |||
| 285996 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 43.8 | 37.3 | 50.4 | 272 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 41 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 285997 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 5.5 | 3.1 | 9.8 | 9 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 41 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 285998 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 20.4 | 18.1 | 23 | 212 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 15 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 285999 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did a dentist or dental worker talk to you about how to care for your teeth and gums? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 79.4 | 61.1 | 90.4 | 33 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO94 | 5 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 286000 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 19.9 | 13 | 29.4 | 23 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 42 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
