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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 286101 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | UNDERWT ( < 18.5) | % | Percentage | 5.9 | 4.4 | 7.9 | 50 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 42 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES45 | |||
| 286102 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 13.1 | 10.8 | 16 | 157 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 25 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 286103 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.7 | 78.6 | 89.3 | 342 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 41 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 286104 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 19.3 | 15.5 | 23.8 | 210 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 40 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 286105 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you lost your job even though you wanted to go on working | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88 | 74.4 | 94.9 | 67 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO213 | 5 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 286106 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.7 | 81.3 | 87.5 | 513 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 49 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 286107 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 50 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 286108 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 79 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 2 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 286109 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 76.1 | 73.1 | 79 | 648 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 50 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 286110 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 5.7 | 3 | 10.6 | 11 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 26 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 286111 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 7 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 28 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 286112 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 16 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 28 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 286113 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 43 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 44 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 286114 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | ALWAYS | % | Percentage | 19.2 | 15.1 | 24.2 | 115 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 53 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES15 | |||
| 286115 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9.2 | 7.1 | 11.8 | 170 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 28 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 286116 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 2 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 41 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 286117 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 154 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 44 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 286118 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.7 | 21.2 | 28.7 | 342 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 40 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 286119 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 34.8 | 25.6 | 45.3 | 65 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 8 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 286120 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | Number of previous live births (the motherÂ’s parity classified as no previous live births or one or more previous live births). | PRAMS | 0 | % | Percentage | 35.7 | 28.3 | 43.8 | 122 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO26 | 13 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES114 | |||
| 286121 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.5 | 99 | 99.8 | 703 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 8 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 286122 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 1-3 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 7.8 | 5.6 | 10.6 | 67 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 8 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES69 | |||
| 286123 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.4 | 94.4 | 97.8 | 627 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 27 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES24 | |||
| 286124 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11.3 | 9.6 | 13.4 | 121 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 15 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 286125 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | (*PCH) Indicator of mother having her teeth cleaned any time prior to pregnancy (years 2004 - 2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 188 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO272 | 53 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 286126 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 9.6 | 6.8 | 13.4 | 91 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 40 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES2 | |||
| 286127 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 91 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 27 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 286128 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 88.3 | 84.7 | 91.1 | 334 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 25 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 286129 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 71.4 | 65.1 | 77 | 341 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 5 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES24 | |||
| 286130 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Just before you got pregnant were you on Medicaid? (years 2000 - 2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 23.6 | 17.1 | 31.6 | 84 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO17 | 41 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 286131 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 84.4 | 58.6 | 95.4 | 30 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 53 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES24 | |||
| 286132 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | EVERY DAY/WEEK | % | Percentage | 40.7 | 34.7 | 47 | 168 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 47 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES72 | |||
| 286133 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 28.4 | 24.1 | 33.1 | 168 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 26 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 286134 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Non-Medicaid | % | Percentage | 17.7 | 8.5 | 33 | 11 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 54 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES108 | |||
| 286135 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 50 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES12 | ||||||
| 286136 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Was your baby seen by a doctor nurse or other health care provider in the first week after he or she left the hospital? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 86.5 | 82.6 | 89.6 | 500 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO101 | 5 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 286137 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | PRETERM | % | Percentage | 4 | 2.5 | 6.5 | 47 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 40 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES61 | |||
| 286138 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | OK (NOT LBW OR PRETERM) | % | Percentage | 46.3 | 43.2 | 49.4 | 461 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 50 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES60 | |||
| 286139 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 84.4 | 75.8 | 90.4 | 93 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 50 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES24 | |||
| 286140 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | NOT OBESE | % | Percentage | 77.6 | 74.2 | 80.7 | 606 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 26 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES112 | |||
| 286141 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 100 | 1412 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 41 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES27 | |||||
| 286142 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 2.4 | 1.4 | 3.9 | 15 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 10 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES3 | |||
| 286143 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | THEN | % | Percentage | 29.8 | 22.5 | 38.3 | 74 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 25 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES111 | |||
| 286144 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.1 | 83 | 98.7 | 109 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 41 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES24 | |||
| 286145 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 100 | 381 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 15 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||||
| 286146 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 97.4 | 91.6 | 99.3 | 314 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 25 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 286147 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 12.1 | 6.5 | 21.3 | 11 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 34 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 286148 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 8 | 5.8 | 11.1 | 39 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 23 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 286149 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 30.2 | 22.5 | 39.3 | 39 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 49 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES41 | |||
| 286150 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.8 | 0.8 | 9.3 | 4 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 2 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
