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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 290351 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 5.9 | 3 | 11.4 | 14 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 36 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 290352 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | LATER | % | Percentage | 34.4 | 30.1 | 39 | 198 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 37 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES109 | |||
| 290353 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 88.9 | 84.8 | 92 | 396 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 42 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES24 | |||
| 290354 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 85.7 | 81.7 | 88.9 | 447 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 2 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 290355 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Morbidity | (*PCH) During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you have high blood pressure (hypertension)? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.4 | 93.2 | 98.2 | 639 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP42 | QUO130 | 24 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 290356 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.3 | 4.8 | 14 | 18 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 28 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 290357 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 3 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 42 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES12 | |||
| 290358 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 63.7 | 54.6 | 72 | 203 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 13 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 290359 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | SOMETIMES | % | Percentage | 22.2 | 19.1 | 25.7 | 185 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 54 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES35 | |||
| 290360 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 30.3 | 24.1 | 37.3 | 113 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 39 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 290361 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 71.4 | 63.2 | 78.5 | 287 | None | None | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 24 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES24 | |||
| 290362 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKR RESUMED | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0 | 0.7 | 2 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 17 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES29 | |||
| 290363 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Injury Prevention | Home has a working smoke alarm | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 96.6 | 94 | 98.1 | 548 | OTHER | Marital Status | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP40 | QUO188 | 27 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 290364 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 55 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 290365 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 4.8 | 3 | 7.7 | 27 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 41 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 290366 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not think she could become pregnant (sterile) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.8 | 88.4 | 98.5 | 130 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO81 | 54 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||
| 290367 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 154 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 25 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 290368 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 2.3 | 0.9 | 5.4 | 5 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 53 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 290369 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85 | 80 | 88.8 | 327 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 53 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 290370 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.7 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 2 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 53 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 290371 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 98.4 | 96 | 99.4 | 431 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 54 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 290372 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 670 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 44 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 290373 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 900 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 31 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 290374 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.8 | 83.6 | 93.8 | 196 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 55 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 290375 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 875 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 10 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 290376 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 50.2 | 44.1 | 56.4 | 166 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 56 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 290377 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | LATER | % | Percentage | 30.4 | 26.9 | 34.2 | 179 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 31 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES109 | |||
| 290378 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 67.1 | 62.3 | 71.5 | 342 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 56 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 290379 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1159 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 41 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 290380 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.8 | 13.8 | 20.2 | 105 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 42 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 290381 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9.1 | 6.8 | 11.9 | 61 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 49 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 290382 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 36 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | ||||||
| 290383 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | STILL HOSP | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 13 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 40 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES36 | |||
| 290384 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 25.2 | 21.9 | 28.8 | 178 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 34 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 290385 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 97.3 | 92.7 | 99.1 | 237 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 39 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 290386 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 31 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 41 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 290387 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 8.8 | 6.8 | 11.4 | 65 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 44 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES34 | |||
| 290388 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9.3 | 5.7 | 15.1 | 20 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 42 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 290389 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 77.3 | 57.4 | 89.6 | 33 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 55 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 290390 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 76.9 | 62.9 | 86.7 | 47 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 37 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES24 | |||
| 290391 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "6-13" | % | Percentage | 5.1 | 2.8 | 9.1 | 12 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 10 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES120 | |||
| 290392 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | LBW (<=2500g) | % | Percentage | 5.9 | 3 | 11.4 | 17 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 25 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES118 | |||
| 290393 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 8.2 | 1.2 | 39.5 | 1 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 25 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES13 | |||
| 290394 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 26.3 | 22.3 | 30.7 | 202 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 47 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 290395 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 36 | 33.8 | 38.3 | 729 | None | None | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 49 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 290396 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 30 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 26 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 290397 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 65.5 | 58.6 | 71.7 | 171 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 44 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES27 | |||
| 290398 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from family or friends | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 16 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO303 | 5 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 290399 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 47.9 | 33 | 63.1 | 22 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 17 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 290400 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether delivery was paid for by insurance through the military | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 90 | 87.7 | 91.9 | 643 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO364 | 15 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES24 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
