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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 290601 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 1.4 | 0.4 | 4.5 | 7 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 41 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 290602 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 18 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 54 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 290603 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $10,000 to $24,999 | % | Percentage | 32.4 | 26.4 | 39.1 | 126 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 53 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES5 | |||
| 290604 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.2 | 85.2 | 90.6 | 566 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 34 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 290605 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93 | 90.8 | 94.7 | 635 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 50 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 290606 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 1 day for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 82.2 | 69.3 | 90.4 | 95 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO240 | 40 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 290607 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 23 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | ||||||
| 290608 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 110 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 5 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 290609 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | STOMACH | % | Percentage | 7.3 | 3.2 | 15.6 | 13 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 24 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES68 | |||
| 290610 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.6 | 7.4 | 29.9 | 15 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 5 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 290611 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 157 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 27 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 290612 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 42.7 | 34.1 | 51.7 | 81 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 2 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 290613 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | UNDERWT ( < 18.5) | % | Percentage | 4.1 | 2.5 | 6.6 | 18 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 55 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES45 | |||
| 290614 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Non-Medicaid | % | Percentage | 55.9 | 52.3 | 59.5 | 496 | None | None | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 56 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES108 | |||
| 290615 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 76.8 | 72.5 | 80.6 | 366 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 50 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 290616 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | PRETERM | % | Percentage | 4.1 | 1.9 | 8.8 | 13 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 41 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES61 | |||
| 290617 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86.1 | 82.4 | 89.1 | 346 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 49 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 290618 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 963 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 23 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 290619 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 20 | 14.4 | 27.2 | 91 | OTHER | Marital Status | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 13 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES113 | |||
| 290620 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 40.9 | 33.9 | 48.1 | 89 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 17 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 290621 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 92 | 89.9 | 93.7 | 678 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | 44 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 290622 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | NO PREV LIVE BRTH | % | Percentage | 39.7 | 27 | 54 | 24 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 26 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES59 | |||
| 290623 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 20.3 | 17.1 | 23.8 | 297 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 40 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 290624 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.8 | 5.3 | 11.4 | 31 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 23 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 290625 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 9 | 5.6 | 14.1 | 22 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 42 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES49 | |||
| 290626 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.1 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 44 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 8 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 290627 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 27.5 | 20.1 | 36.5 | 46 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 37 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 290628 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW | % | Percentage | 2.6 | 1.1 | 5.9 | 7 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 56 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES57 | |||
| 290629 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 24.2 | 15 | 36.5 | 27 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 53 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES41 | |||
| 290630 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether Medicaid paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 72.3 | 68.1 | 76.3 | 352 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO267 | 55 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 290631 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | NBW (>2500g) | % | Percentage | 95.2 | 93.8 | 96.4 | 1179 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 27 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES119 | |||
| 290632 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 2 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 23 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 290633 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 44.4 | 40.5 | 48.5 | 424 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 5 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 290634 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 6 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 36 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES8 | |||
| 290635 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 9 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 42 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 290636 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.4 | 94.5 | 99.5 | 341 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 47 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 290637 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.5 | 93.6 | 96.8 | 604 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 50 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 290638 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 178 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 13 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 290639 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 80.4 | 62 | 91.2 | 45 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 28 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 290640 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 94.4 | 89.2 | 97.2 | 75 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 34 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES24 | |||
| 290641 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 5.6 | 3.8 | 8.1 | 41 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 54 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES13 | |||
| 290642 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 6.9 | 4.5 | 10.4 | 36 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 31 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES10 | |||
| 290643 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.4 | 85.1 | 91.1 | 424 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 34 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 290644 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 84.7 | 81.6 | 87.4 | 653 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 31 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 290645 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.5 | 85.5 | 92.5 | 559 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 2 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 290646 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK | % | Percentage | 73.8 | 69.5 | 77.6 | 527 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 2 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES63 | |||
| 290647 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.8 | 90.4 | 96.1 | 837 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 40 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 290648 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9 | 3.4 | 21.6 | 11 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 8 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 290649 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Was your baby seen by a doctor nurse or other health care provider in the first week after he or she left the hospital? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 82.3 | 78.7 | 85.4 | 433 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO101 | 2 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 290650 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Injury Prevention | Baby always or almost always rides in an infant car seat | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 61 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP40 | QUO185 | 27 | BOC10 | BOC10 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
