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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 297801 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 4.1 | 1.9 | 8.3 | 10 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 31 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES41 | |||
| 297802 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 64.6 | 60.1 | 68.8 | 524 | OTHER | Marital Status | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 54 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 297803 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 97.5 | 94.6 | 98.8 | 302 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 37 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES24 | |||
| 297804 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | Did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about baby blues or postpartum depression during pregnancy or after your delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 19.7 | 16.7 | 23.2 | 136 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO97 | 42 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 297805 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 84.8 | 79.2 | 89 | 201 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 42 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 297806 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | NOT OBESE | % | Percentage | 80.9 | 72.3 | 87.3 | 229 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 13 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES112 | |||
| 297807 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.3 | 0.9 | 11.5 | 2 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 31 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES41 | |||
| 297808 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Infant Health | Injury Prevention | Home has a working smoke alarm | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 96.8 | 93.7 | 98.4 | 385 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA8 | TOP40 | QUO188 | 47 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 297809 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 50 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES27 | ||||||
| 297810 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 75.9 | 67.5 | 82.7 | 91 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 56 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES24 | |||
| 297811 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.4 | 13.2 | 17.8 | 148 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 15 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 297812 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.8 | 10.6 | 25.6 | 26 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 49 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 297813 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.8 | 96.9 | 99.6 | 235 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 2 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES24 | |||
| 297814 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | I do not know | % | Percentage | 13.5 | 9.3 | 19.2 | 47 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 5 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES46 | |||
| 297815 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 27 | 21.8 | 32.9 | 118 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 2 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 297816 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 75 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | BOC20 | |||||||||
| 297817 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 253 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 44 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 297818 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 100 | 92 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 56 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||||
| 297819 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 49.9 | 42.2 | 57.6 | 165 | OTHER | Marital Status | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 47 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 297820 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 3 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 47 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 297821 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 45.8 | 40.7 | 51.1 | 155 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 15 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 297822 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you have your teeth cleaned? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 67.9 | 59.2 | 75.4 | 166 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO75 | 24 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 297823 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89 | 83.8 | 92.8 | 492 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 13 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 297824 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.2 | 2.9 | 6 | 29 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 41 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 297825 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.3 | 91.2 | 97.5 | 235 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 42 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES24 | |||
| 297826 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1742 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 8 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 297827 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 95 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 13 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 297828 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 77.3 | 74.2 | 80.1 | 704 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 34 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 297829 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 50 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 34 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 297830 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | STILL HOSP | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 11 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 44 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES36 | |||
| 297831 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 84.6 | 78.7 | 89.1 | 246 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 55 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 297832 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | NORMAL (18.5-24.9) | % | Percentage | 43.5 | 40.5 | 46.5 | 703 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 54 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES42 | |||
| 297833 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.2 | 94.4 | 97.4 | 674 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 15 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 297834 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Non-Medicaid | % | Percentage | 70.6 | 66 | 74.7 | 480 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 39 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES108 | |||
| 297835 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.6 | 7.7 | 28.9 | 9 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 26 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 297836 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 5.5 | 2.4 | 12.3 | 7 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 26 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 297837 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 77 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 42 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 297838 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE/BACK | % | Percentage | 1.9 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 12 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 15 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES66 | |||
| 297839 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 54.8 | 48.5 | 61 | 311 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 24 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 297840 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | Yes | % | Percentage | 65.2 | 53.6 | 75.3 | 86 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 13 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES48 | |||
| 297841 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 46.3 | 40.1 | 52.5 | 136 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 27 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 297842 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW & PRETERM | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 23 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES58 | ||||||
| 297843 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.1 | 81.8 | 91.1 | 310 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 13 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 297844 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 57.1 | 50.5 | 63.5 | 223 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 2 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 297845 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1161 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 41 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 297846 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 43 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 34 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 297847 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.7 | 91.9 | 95.1 | 868 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 10 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 297848 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 86 | 73.7 | 93.1 | 172 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 40 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 297849 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.9 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 19 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 27 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 297850 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.2 | 85 | 93.7 | 287 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 28 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
