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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 301151 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 86.1 | 81.6 | 89.7 | 266 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 17 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 301152 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.3 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 4 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 15 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 301153 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 30 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 44 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 301154 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 65 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 40 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 301155 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.7 | 82.6 | 86.5 | 1224 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 15 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 301156 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 40.9 | 29.8 | 53 | 58 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 13 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 301157 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 90.6 | 84.1 | 94.6 | 139 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 31 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES24 | |||
| 301158 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | NEVER | % | Percentage | 46.3 | 36.2 | 56.7 | 47 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 26 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES22 | |||
| 301159 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | No | % | Percentage | 30.4 | 26.4 | 34.8 | 199 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 39 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES47 | |||
| 301160 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.9 | 96.4 | 98.8 | 796 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 24 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 301161 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 95.9 | 93.5 | 97.5 | 373 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 49 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 301162 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.5 | 10.9 | 16.5 | 90 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 39 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 301163 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 16.2 | 13.9 | 18.8 | 205 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 26 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 301164 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 52 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 55 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 301165 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 0.5 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 1 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 55 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES41 | |||
| 301166 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 53 | 47.6 | 58.4 | 249 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 23 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 301167 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 24.6 | 21 | 28.6 | 333 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 24 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 301168 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK/STOMACH | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 49 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES64 | ||||||
| 301169 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 89.7 | 69.7 | 97.1 | 40 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 36 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES24 | |||
| 301170 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 16 | 11 | 22.8 | 39 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 53 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES1 | |||
| 301171 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | STILL HOSP | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 10 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 36 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES36 | |||
| 301172 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 12.2 | 10 | 14.8 | 137 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 2 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 301173 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 41.3 | 30.1 | 53.5 | 44 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 55 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 301174 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 1.9 | 0.8 | 4.4 | 7 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 17 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES1 | |||
| 301175 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.4 | 3.9 | 7.6 | 65 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO223 | 44 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 301176 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 2 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 23 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 301177 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 1-3 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 5.7 | 3.4 | 9.5 | 36 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 13 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES69 | |||
| 301178 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 43 | 28.2 | 59.2 | 22 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 56 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES41 | |||
| 301179 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1238 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 15 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 301180 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 93.1 | 85.4 | 96.9 | 97 | OTHER | Marital Status | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 27 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES24 | |||
| 301181 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 22.8 | 17.7 | 28.8 | 79 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 28 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 301182 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14 | 12 | 16.2 | 158 | None | None | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 50 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 301183 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 60.3 | 52.6 | 67.5 | 190 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 2 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 301184 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 14.4 | 7.8 | 25.2 | 15 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 42 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 301185 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.4 | 90.5 | 98.7 | 124 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 47 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 301186 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Just before you got pregnant were you on Medicaid? (years 2000 - 2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.8 | 3.2 | 7.3 | 49 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO17 | 8 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 301187 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 67.2 | 63.8 | 70.4 | 697 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 37 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 301188 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 2.9 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 12 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 56 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES9 | |||
| 301189 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 5.2 | 2.6 | 10.1 | 9 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 10 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES12 | |||
| 301190 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 79.4 | 77 | 81.6 | 887 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 15 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 301191 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 19.5 | 16.7 | 22.6 | 151 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 26 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 301192 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 5 | 3.3 | 7.5 | 44 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 36 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES10 | |||
| 301193 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 1.4 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 9 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 56 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 301194 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 74.6 | 70.6 | 78.2 | 575 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 36 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 301195 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether delivery was paid for by insurance through the military | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 2.6 | 1.6 | 4 | 17 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO364 | 5 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES41 | |||
| 301196 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 69.1 | 62.5 | 75 | 151 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 10 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 301197 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.2 | 0.2 | 7.8 | 1 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 25 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 301198 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how smoking during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 11.2 | 5.7 | 20.7 | 11 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO40 | 27 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 301199 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.2 | 12.8 | 17.9 | 128 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 27 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 301200 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 10.6 | 6.7 | 16.5 | 28 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 54 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES41 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
