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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 303101 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 1.8 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 9 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 26 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES13 | |||
| 303102 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98 | 92.5 | 99.5 | 187 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 36 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 303103 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Indicator of whether an HIV test was offered among women not receiving the test | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 82.6 | 69.3 | 90.9 | 50 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO141 | 17 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 303104 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 79.8 | 76.9 | 82.4 | 692 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 50 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 303105 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE | % | Percentage | 14.8 | 11.4 | 19.1 | 48 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 25 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES65 | |||
| 303106 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.4 | 1.4 | 4.1 | 20 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 27 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 303107 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 33 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 8 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 303108 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 53 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | BOC17 | |||||||||
| 303109 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 5.6 | 3.6 | 8.5 | 19 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 10 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES2 | |||
| 303110 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW & PRETERM | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 34 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES58 | ||||||
| 303111 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 15.9 | 9.7 | 25.2 | 14 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 55 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 303112 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 40 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES2 | ||||||
| 303113 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 5 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 82 | None | None | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 41 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES1 | |||
| 303114 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 46.6 | 42.1 | 51.2 | 343 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 39 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 303115 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 10 | 6.5 | 15.2 | 16 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 41 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES34 | |||
| 303116 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 67.9 | 60.1 | 74.7 | 125 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 17 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 303117 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 97 | 95.8 | 97.9 | 1519 | None | None | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 31 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES24 | |||
| 303118 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 34 | 29.3 | 39 | 147 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 37 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 303119 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.6 | 94.1 | 99.1 | 286 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 37 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 303120 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 47.3 | 38.7 | 56.1 | 103 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 53 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 303121 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.6 | 62.1 | 92.3 | 34 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 55 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 303122 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 26.6 | 23.3 | 30.3 | 166 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 36 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 303123 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 68.9 | 56.6 | 78.9 | 59 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 42 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 303124 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 31 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 2 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 303125 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 81.2 | 73.3 | 87.1 | 108 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 47 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES24 | |||
| 303126 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.4 | 94.7 | 97.7 | 689 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 37 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 303127 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.2 | 13.6 | 19.1 | 145 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 26 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 303128 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.8 | 1.7 | 4.6 | 27 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 44 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 303129 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 43.1 | 25 | 63.2 | 15 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 23 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 303130 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 52 | 47.1 | 56.9 | 375 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 28 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 303131 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 39 | 35.4 | 42.7 | 487 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 5 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 303132 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 45 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 41 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 303133 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 73 | 70.1 | 75.7 | 273 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 2 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES28 | |||
| 303134 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | UNKNOWN PNC | % | Percentage | 11.1 | 8.6 | 14.3 | 106 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 53 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES38 | |||
| 303135 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 47 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 303136 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.2 | 4 | 6.7 | 82 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 17 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 303137 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 17 | 12.6 | 22.6 | 46 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 49 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 303138 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 17.4 | 15.2 | 19.9 | 194 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 34 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 303139 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 53.5 | 31.8 | 74.1 | 20 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO35 | 47 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 303140 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.5 | 88.8 | 96.4 | 288 | OTHER | Marital Status | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 47 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 303141 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 92.9 | 77.5 | 98 | 33 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 5 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 303142 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 34.8 | 30.6 | 39.2 | 200 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 27 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 303143 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 45 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 24 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 303144 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 3 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 42 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES8 | |||
| 303145 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 61 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 42 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 303146 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 12.5 | 9.6 | 16.2 | 19 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 44 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES41 | |||
| 303147 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 50.8 | 46.2 | 55.3 | 326 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 27 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 303148 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.8 | 2.4 | 9.2 | 12 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 37 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 303149 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 5.9 | 4.2 | 8.1 | 55 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 34 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES13 | |||
| 303150 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Non-Medicaid | % | Percentage | 52.4 | 46.7 | 58 | 208 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 23 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES108 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
