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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 303651 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 50 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES24 | ||||||
| 303652 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | STOMACH | % | Percentage | 5.4 | 3.6 | 8.1 | 19 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 50 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES68 | |||
| 303653 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 1-3 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 8.2 | 6.1 | 11 | 74 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 25 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES69 | |||
| 303654 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 72.6 | 62.7 | 80.7 | 162 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 27 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 303655 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 36.5 | 32.9 | 40.3 | 306 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 37 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 303656 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 19.9 | 16.3 | 24.1 | 100 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 26 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 303657 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 26.9 | 24 | 30.1 | 262 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 26 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 303658 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.2 | 3.4 | 7.9 | 21 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 50 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 303659 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 71.9 | 61.1 | 80.6 | 98 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 39 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 303660 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.9 | 4.3 | 7.9 | 66 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 54 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 303661 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 28.5 | 20.2 | 38.5 | 35 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 26 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES41 | |||
| 303662 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 67.6 | 59.8 | 74.4 | 168 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 44 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 303663 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | DRINKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 53.1 | 49.4 | 56.8 | 450 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 27 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES17 | |||
| 303664 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 31.6 | 27.9 | 35.6 | 355 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 5 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 303665 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.9 | 97.4 | 99.6 | 568 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 54 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 303666 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 39 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 25 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 303667 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 8.3 | 2 | 29 | 5 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 47 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES13 | |||
| 303668 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | No | % | Percentage | 10.6 | 8.3 | 13.4 | 79 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 26 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES47 | |||
| 303669 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 17.8 | 12 | 25.6 | 44 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 25 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 303670 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Health | Before you got pregnant did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk to you about how to prepare for a healthy pregnancy and baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 56.2 | 51.4 | 60.9 | 285 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP41 | QUO91 | 23 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 303671 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 73.6 | 71 | 76.1 | 873 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 10 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 303672 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 79.6 | 71.7 | 85.8 | 167 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 47 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 303673 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 82 | 71.9 | 89.1 | 127 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 24 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 303674 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 18.8 | 15.3 | 22.9 | 121 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 36 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 303675 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.7 | 4.1 | 8.1 | 35 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 34 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 303676 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.4 | 84 | 93.1 | 152 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 25 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 303677 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 2.1 | 0.6 | 7.1 | 3 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 34 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 303678 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 25.9 | 21 | 31.5 | 84 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 17 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 303679 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 1.9 | 0.3 | 11.7 | 1 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 49 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES11 | |||
| 303680 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 255 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 17 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 303681 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 46.2 | 27.2 | 66.4 | 26 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 41 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 303682 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 77.4 | 72.8 | 81.4 | 324 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 34 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 303683 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 55.1 | 51.1 | 59.1 | 336 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 27 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 303684 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | STOMACH | % | Percentage | 10.1 | 7.8 | 12.9 | 73 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 44 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES68 | |||
| 303685 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1402 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 41 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 303686 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 18 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 34 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 303687 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 45.7 | 35.1 | 56.7 | 45 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 37 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 303688 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 10.8 | 8.2 | 14.2 | 60 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 56 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 303689 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 3 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 50 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 303690 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 77.8 | 69.6 | 84.3 | 122 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | 49 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 303691 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 70.4 | 62.3 | 77.4 | 177 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 47 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 303692 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1547 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 8 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 303693 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 49 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES12 | |||
| 303694 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | LATER | % | Percentage | 65 | 54.8 | 74.1 | 83 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 44 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES109 | |||
| 303695 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 2.9 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 17 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 42 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 303696 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 22.9 | 11 | 41.6 | 11 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 5 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 303697 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 17.1 | 12.2 | 23.3 | 47 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 44 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 303698 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 57.9 | 49.4 | 65.9 | 122 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 28 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 303699 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 54 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 26 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 303700 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 20 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 47 | BOC17 | BOC17 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
