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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 305051 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 45.3 | 37.1 | 53.8 | 76 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 27 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES9 | |||
| 305052 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 47 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES41 | ||||||
| 305053 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 28 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 305054 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 70.3 | 65.2 | 74.9 | 297 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 42 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 305055 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 56 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO35 | 13 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 305056 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 38 | 34.6 | 41.6 | 394 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 2 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 305057 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 85.1 | 80.8 | 88.5 | 597 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 25 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 305058 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86.3 | 84 | 88.3 | 991 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 34 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 305059 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.6 | 3.5 | 6 | 48 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 15 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 305060 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 85 | 67.7 | 93.8 | 32 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 39 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES28 | |||
| 305061 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 15 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES41 | ||||||
| 305062 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | No | % | Percentage | 12.8 | 9.3 | 17.4 | 78 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 13 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES47 | |||
| 305063 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 27 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 42 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 305064 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE | % | Percentage | 8.5 | 6.4 | 11.1 | 108 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 8 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES65 | |||
| 305065 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.1 | 87.8 | 95 | 439 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 2 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 305066 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | OFTEN/ALMOST ALWAYS | % | Percentage | 24.8 | 18.9 | 31.8 | 84 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 41 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES30 | |||
| 305067 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 78 | 73.1 | 82.3 | 642 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 41 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 305068 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 2.9 | 1.9 | 4.2 | 30 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 37 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES41 | |||
| 305069 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 15 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 305070 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.2 | 87.4 | 98.2 | 27 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 28 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 305071 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.4 | 6.4 | 11 | 46 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 15 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 305072 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 34 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 36 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 305073 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "6-13" | % | Percentage | 19.2 | 12.5 | 28.4 | 56 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 41 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES120 | |||
| 305074 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.1 | 93.1 | 96.6 | 1615 | None | None | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 24 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES24 | |||
| 305075 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 63.3 | 43.7 | 79.3 | 35 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 31 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 305076 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.2 | 92.5 | 96.9 | 443 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 37 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES24 | |||
| 305077 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 15 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES41 | ||||||
| 305078 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 39.8 | 33.7 | 46.1 | 118 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 56 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 305079 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | LATER | % | Percentage | 45.9 | 37.9 | 54.1 | 177 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 13 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES109 | |||
| 305080 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.2 | 89.3 | 95.7 | 302 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 37 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 305081 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.2 | 0.3 | 13.6 | 1 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 49 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 305082 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99 | 98.3 | 99.4 | 1975 | None | None | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 8 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 305083 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 78.1 | 72.7 | 82.6 | 289 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 56 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 305084 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.8 | 99.3 | 99.9 | 251 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 41 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 305085 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 32 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 31 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 305086 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.5 | 85.3 | 91.1 | 1034 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 24 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 305087 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11.3 | 8 | 15.7 | 54 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 39 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 305088 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 91.5 | 78.1 | 97.1 | 84 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 13 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 305089 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 51.4 | 35.5 | 67 | 24 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 55 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 305090 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | ADEQUATE PNC | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 49 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES14 | ||||||
| 305091 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 37.6 | 34.8 | 40.5 | 644 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 31 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES41 | |||
| 305092 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 50.6 | 44 | 57.3 | 137 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 49 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 305093 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 5.3 | 2.6 | 10.5 | 9 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 37 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES41 | |||
| 305094 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.4 | 96.8 | 99.2 | 672 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 42 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||
| 305095 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 94.6 | 90.9 | 96.8 | 343 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 50 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 305096 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.8 | 10.2 | 18.3 | 51 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 34 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 305097 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 6.9 | 2.8 | 15.9 | 5 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 49 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES13 | |||
| 305098 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 39.6 | 32.6 | 47 | 100 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 44 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 305099 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | Yes | % | Percentage | 62.6 | 58.4 | 66.5 | 660 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 8 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES48 | |||
| 305100 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 3.7 | 2.1 | 6.3 | 40 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 41 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES10 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
