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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 305501 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 11.6 | 8.3 | 16 | 52 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 54 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES41 | |||
| 305502 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 5 | 2.6 | 9.3 | 9 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 50 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES10 | |||
| 305503 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | No | % | Percentage | 21.2 | 17.4 | 25.5 | 118 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 44 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES47 | |||
| 305504 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | NO PREV LIVE BRTH | % | Percentage | 58 | 51.6 | 64.2 | 149 | OTHER | Marital Status | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 56 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES59 | |||
| 305505 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK | % | Percentage | 65.6 | 59 | 71.7 | 187 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 37 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES63 | |||
| 305506 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Just before you got pregnant were you on Medicaid? (years 2000 - 2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 52.7 | 48.8 | 56.6 | 301 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO17 | 15 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 305507 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 11.3 | 7 | 17.8 | 18 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 47 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 305508 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from family or friends | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 85.9 | 80.2 | 90.2 | 183 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO303 | 50 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 305509 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Non-Medicaid | % | Percentage | 39.5 | 36.7 | 42.5 | 613 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 54 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES108 | |||
| 305510 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 5 | OTHER | Marital Status | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 10 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES49 | |||
| 305511 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 37 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 31 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 305512 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 23 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | ||||||
| 305513 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 10.7 | 7.4 | 15.2 | 68 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 5 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 305514 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.2 | 24 | 32.8 | 277 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 13 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 305515 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 25 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 41 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 305516 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 13 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 10 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 305517 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | NOT OBESE | % | Percentage | 75.1 | 70.2 | 79.4 | 273 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 10 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES112 | |||
| 305518 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 47 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 305519 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.5 | 1.2 | 4.9 | 30 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 41 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 305520 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 19.6 | 16.7 | 22.8 | 143 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 2 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 305521 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 53 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 305522 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether delivery was paid for by insurance through the military | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 83.3 | 80.9 | 85.4 | 684 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO364 | 15 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES24 | |||
| 305523 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 50 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES41 | ||||||
| 305524 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 4 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 41 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 305525 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 24 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 42 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 305526 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 16.3 | 9 | 27.8 | 13 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 23 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES13 | |||
| 305527 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 82.9 | 61.9 | 93.6 | 32 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 2 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 305528 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.5 | 1.1 | 10.5 | 3 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 25 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 305529 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 93 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 41 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 305530 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85 | 81.2 | 88.1 | 417 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 56 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 305531 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.2 | 86.6 | 92.9 | 472 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 5 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 305532 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 4 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 25 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 305533 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 21 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 8 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 305534 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | SOMETIMES | % | Percentage | 15 | 8.5 | 25.2 | 13 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 49 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES35 | |||
| 305535 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 94.3 | 92.3 | 95.9 | 1072 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 2 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 305536 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.9 | 3.1 | 7.8 | 23 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 31 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 305537 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 76.8 | 71.3 | 81.5 | 349 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 28 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES28 | |||
| 305538 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | NEVER | % | Percentage | 49.8 | 45.6 | 54 | 325 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 42 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES22 | |||
| 305539 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 50 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | ||||||
| 305540 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 79.3 | 66.1 | 88.3 | 85 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 31 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 305541 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 1-3 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 56 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES69 | ||||||
| 305542 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1373 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 49 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 305543 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW & PRETERM | % | Percentage | 3 | 1.7 | 5.2 | 23 | OTHER | Marital Status | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 31 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES58 | |||
| 305544 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.5 | 98.5 | 99.8 | 561 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 10 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 305545 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 37.1 | 25.2 | 50.7 | 55 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 41 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES41 | |||
| 305546 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.4 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 16 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 55 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 305547 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how smoking during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 20.9 | 18.1 | 24.1 | 132 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO40 | 5 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 305548 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 9.3 | 7.3 | 11.7 | 79 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 26 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 305549 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 79.1 | 74.8 | 82.9 | 438 | OTHER | Marital Status | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 27 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 305550 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Maternal Health Care | (*PCH) Indicator of having received preconception counseling (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 37 | 31.8 | 42.7 | 203 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP52 | QUO246 | 39 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
