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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 306451 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 43.8 | 32.9 | 55.2 | 51 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 34 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 306452 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW & PRETERM | % | Percentage | 2.8 | 1.9 | 4 | 60 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 44 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES58 | |||
| 306453 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 3.1 | 1.9 | 5.1 | 20 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 37 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 306454 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 67.4 | 53 | 79.1 | 51 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 5 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 306455 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 5.1 | 1.9 | 13 | 11 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 39 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES41 | |||
| 306456 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.7 | 85.9 | 97.3 | 112 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 17 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 306457 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 36.7 | 33.1 | 40.5 | 469 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 8 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 306458 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | Number of previous live births (the motherÂ’s parity classified as no previous live births or one or more previous live births). | PRAMS | 0 | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO26 | 56 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES114 | ||||||
| 306459 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 63 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 47 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 306460 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.8 | 88.7 | 98.5 | 149 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 47 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES24 | |||
| 306461 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85.5 | 83.4 | 87.4 | 1065 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 15 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 306462 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.4 | 23.6 | 33.7 | 102 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 27 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 306463 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 5.8 | 3.9 | 8.6 | 23 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 15 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 306464 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 113 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 54 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 306465 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 23.5 | 14.2 | 36.3 | 14 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 15 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 306466 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 94.3 | 89.9 | 96.9 | 179 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 42 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 306467 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 42.5 | 34.1 | 51.4 | 66 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 31 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 306468 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 15 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 40 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 306469 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 893 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 36 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 306470 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 10 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 41 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 306471 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | MD / HMO | % | Percentage | 81.9 | 76 | 86.7 | 235 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 54 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES138 | |||
| 306472 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether Medicaid paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 72.1 | 63.4 | 79.4 | 131 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO267 | 36 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 306473 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 19.7 | 14 | 27 | 50 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 27 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES113 | |||
| 306474 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.5 | 4.7 | 3 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 5 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 306475 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 19.1 | 17.2 | 21.3 | 305 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 17 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 306476 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12 | 8.7 | 16.4 | 51 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 53 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 306477 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.9 | 96.6 | 99.6 | 534 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 13 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES24 | |||
| 306478 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did a dentist or dental worker talk to you about how to care for your teeth and gums? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 50.1 | 45.3 | 54.9 | 452 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO94 | 41 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 306479 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12 | 7 | 19.8 | 26 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 39 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 306480 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKR RESUMED | % | Percentage | 3.8 | 2.6 | 5.4 | 58 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 53 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES29 | |||
| 306481 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 91.2 | 88.3 | 93.4 | 686 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 25 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 306482 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 5 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 17 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES34 | |||
| 306483 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.5 | 86.8 | 91.7 | 718 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 24 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 306484 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 18 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 31 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 306485 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.3 | 92.7 | 97 | 589 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 53 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 306486 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 91.3 | 86.6 | 94.5 | 271 | OTHER | Marital Status | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 56 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 306487 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 65.5 | 59.9 | 70.6 | 348 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 54 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 306488 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 28.6 | 21.3 | 37.3 | 61 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 2 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 306489 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 26.8 | 23.2 | 30.7 | 200 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 31 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 306490 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1248 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 24 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 306491 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 27.5 | 23.2 | 32.2 | 126 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 55 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 306492 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 81 | 76.3 | 85 | 677 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 40 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 306493 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | PRETERM | % | Percentage | 6 | 4.1 | 8.9 | 34 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 31 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES61 | |||
| 306494 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.2 | 76 | 88.6 | 255 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 25 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 306495 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Health | Before you got pregnant did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk to you about how to prepare for a healthy pregnancy and baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 82.2 | 78.5 | 85.3 | 421 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP41 | QUO91 | 49 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 306496 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | OK (NOT LBW OR PRETERM) | % | Percentage | 52.4 | 48.8 | 56 | 436 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 27 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES60 | |||
| 306497 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.3 | 4.1 | 6.7 | 63 | None | None | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 10 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 306498 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.9 | 91.8 | 95.5 | 688 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 28 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 306499 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 13.9 | 9.4 | 20 | 36 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 26 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 306500 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 25 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
