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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 307201 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 13 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 49 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 307202 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 82.1 | 76.6 | 86.5 | 245 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 42 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 307203 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | WIC | During your pregnancy were you on WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children)? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 264 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA10 | TOP25 | QUO43 | 17 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 307204 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 60.7 | 53.8 | 67.3 | 307 | OTHER | Marital Status | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 8 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 307205 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.8 | 94.6 | 96.7 | 1320 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 49 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES24 | |||
| 307206 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 1 day for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87 | 82.4 | 90.5 | 271 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO240 | 34 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 307207 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 10.4 | 7.9 | 13.7 | 58 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 49 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 307208 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 55.7 | 51.1 | 60.3 | 462 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 5 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 307209 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.7 | 98 | 99.9 | 415 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 50 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 307210 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.6 | 10.7 | 17.2 | 68 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 44 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 307211 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 42.8 | 30.6 | 55.9 | 69 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 13 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 307212 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | ALL 3 POSITIONS | % | Percentage | 1.2 | 0.2 | 7.6 | 1 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 15 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES62 | |||
| 307213 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 57.7 | 54.2 | 61.1 | 741 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 39 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 307214 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.3 | 86.1 | 91.7 | 716 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 28 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 307215 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | NORMAL (18.5-24.9) | % | Percentage | 53.7 | 50 | 57.3 | 477 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 42 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES42 | |||
| 307216 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.6 | 4.2 | 7.3 | 53 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 50 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 307217 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 33.8 | 28 | 40.1 | 99 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 37 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 307218 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 23 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 41 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 307219 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | INADEQUATE PNC | % | Percentage | 5.5 | 3.3 | 8.9 | 15 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 26 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES18 | |||
| 307220 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Where do you usually take your baby for well-baby checkups? | PRAMS | State Specific | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO337 | 13 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES139 | ||||||
| 307221 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 8.1 | 4.2 | 15.3 | 11 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 44 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES41 | |||
| 307222 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 67 | 63.7 | 70.2 | 616 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 27 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 307223 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 61.6 | 54.1 | 68.6 | 106 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 24 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 307224 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 7.7 | 4.3 | 13.3 | 17 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 47 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 307225 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | LBW (<=2500g) | % | Percentage | 5.3 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 142 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 2 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES118 | |||
| 307226 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | LBW (<=2500g) | % | Percentage | 8.7 | 7.6 | 9.9 | 147 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 44 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES118 | |||
| 307227 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE/STOMACH | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 1 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 40 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES67 | |||
| 307228 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1406 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 17 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 307229 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9 | 6.5 | 12.2 | 39 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 10 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 307230 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | UNKNOWN PNC | % | Percentage | 12.5 | 9.5 | 16.2 | 104 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 39 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES38 | |||
| 307231 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 2 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 56 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 307232 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 26 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 50 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 307233 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.8 | 85 | 91.8 | 309 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 56 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 307234 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $50,000 or more | % | Percentage | 1.1 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 5 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 5 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES7 | |||
| 307235 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 40.1 | 36.1 | 44.2 | 266 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 17 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 307236 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 6 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 15 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES8 | |||
| 307237 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.8 | 81.3 | 87.8 | 596 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 54 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 307238 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 76 | 71.9 | 79.7 | 516 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 2 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES27 | |||
| 307239 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | INTERMEDIATE PNC | % | Percentage | 26.2 | 19.1 | 34.8 | 44 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 42 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES20 | |||
| 307240 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 49.8 | 36.2 | 63.5 | 47 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 53 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 307241 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86.4 | 81 | 90.4 | 222 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 37 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 307242 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 81 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 2 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 307243 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 14.7 | 7 | 28.2 | 8 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 42 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 307244 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 65.8 | 61.6 | 69.8 | 388 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 26 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 307245 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 62.6 | 55.8 | 69 | 226 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 47 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 307246 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Was your baby seen by a doctor nurse or other health care provider in the first week after he or she left the hospital? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 6.1 | 4.1 | 8.9 | 25 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO101 | 37 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 307247 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 78 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 39 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 307248 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 42.1 | 36.3 | 48.1 | 139 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 34 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 307249 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1220 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 15 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 307250 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did anyone else physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.4 | 0.6 | 3.1 | 11 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO314 | 54 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
