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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 307651 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.6 | 85.9 | 90.8 | 721 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 37 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 307652 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not think she could become pregnant (sterile) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 85.6 | 72.1 | 93.2 | 121 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO81 | 41 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES24 | |||
| 307653 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | (*PCH) Indicator of mother having her teeth cleaned any time prior to pregnancy (years 2004 - 2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 91.6 | 89.3 | 93.3 | 755 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO272 | 31 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 307654 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 24 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | ||||||
| 307655 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.7 | 96.6 | 99.5 | 164 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 2 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 307656 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Infant Health | Injury Prevention | There are loaded guns rifles or other firearms in the home | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 91.6 | 89.6 | 93.2 | 794 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA8 | TOP40 | QUO186 | 54 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 307657 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 15 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES41 | ||||||
| 307658 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 1 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 25 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES34 | |||
| 307659 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 1 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 10 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 307660 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 8.8 | 4.1 | 18.2 | 13 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 31 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES41 | |||
| 307661 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.6 | 4.1 | 13.7 | 21 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 47 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 307662 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 26.5 | 19.9 | 34.3 | 49 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 56 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 307663 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE/BACK | % | Percentage | 5.3 | 2.8 | 10.1 | 21 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 41 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES66 | |||
| 307664 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | SOONER | % | Percentage | 14.4 | 10.6 | 19.3 | 35 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 15 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES110 | |||
| 307665 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 42.5 | 32.4 | 53.1 | 59 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 44 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES41 | |||
| 307666 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 865 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 36 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 307667 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 24 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 27 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 307668 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | ALWAYS | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 50 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES15 | ||||||
| 307669 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 54 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 41 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 307670 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 47.6 | 39.7 | 55.7 | 91 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 47 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 307671 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 62.2 | 58.4 | 65.9 | 378 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 31 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 307672 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | 33.6 | 26.7 | 41.3 | 55 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 10 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES121 | |||
| 307673 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.4 | 1.9 | 6.2 | 14 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 49 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES41 | |||
| 307674 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 25.4 | 21.9 | 29.2 | 158 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 17 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 307675 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | RARELY | % | Percentage | 22.2 | 19.9 | 24.6 | 321 | None | None | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 34 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES33 | |||
| 307676 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 68.3 | 55.5 | 78.8 | 53 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 42 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 307677 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86.9 | 83.1 | 89.9 | 1005 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 40 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 307678 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 6 | 3.2 | 10.8 | 11 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 17 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES41 | |||
| 307679 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 7 | 3.9 | 12.3 | 18 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 36 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES34 | |||
| 307680 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you have your teeth cleaned? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 72.5 | 63.1 | 80.2 | 132 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO75 | 36 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 307681 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 88.8 | 86.1 | 91 | 600 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 49 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES27 | |||
| 307682 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.7 | 76.1 | 86.2 | 181 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 55 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 307683 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 2 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 17 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 307684 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 40.7 | 34.1 | 47.8 | 141 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 31 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 307685 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 17.6 | 13.2 | 23 | 69 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 40 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 307686 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did a dentist or dental worker talk to you about how to care for your teeth and gums? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 56.9 | 50.3 | 63.3 | 189 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO94 | 47 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 307687 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 63.6 | 56.4 | 70.1 | 157 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 50 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 307688 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 53.4 | 48.2 | 58.4 | 232 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 26 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 307689 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | NBW (>2500g) | % | Percentage | 95.1 | 93.1 | 96.6 | 1192 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 41 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES119 | |||
| 307690 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 68.3 | 60.4 | 75.3 | 159 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 28 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 307691 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 7 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 23 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 307692 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 46.5 | 37.6 | 55.7 | 81 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 44 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 307693 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 49.1 | 40.4 | 57.7 | 73 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO35 | 49 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 307694 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 | 3 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 26 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 307695 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 28 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | ||||||
| 307696 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 23.4 | 11.1 | 42.7 | 11 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 39 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 307697 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 43 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 34 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 307698 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 53.5 | 50.1 | 56.8 | 502 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 17 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 307699 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 15.9 | 13.6 | 18.4 | 199 | None | None | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 42 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 307700 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | OVERWT (25.0-29.9) | % | Percentage | 25.5 | 19.9 | 32.1 | 146 | OTHER | Marital Status | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 41 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES44 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
