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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 309951 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 6.8 | 4.8 | 9.5 | 38 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 42 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES13 | |||
| 309952 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 6 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 56 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 309953 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.5 | 99 | 99.8 | 1600 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 54 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 309954 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | NONE | % | Percentage | 18.9 | 12.3 | 27.9 | 33 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 53 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES999 | |||
| 309955 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.8 | 95.4 | 97.8 | 899 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 37 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES24 | |||
| 309956 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 91.4 | 79.6 | 96.6 | 59 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 47 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES24 | |||
| 309957 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 97.8 | 91.6 | 99.4 | 50 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 8 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 309958 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 4.7 | 3.2 | 6.8 | 39 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 26 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES41 | |||
| 309959 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 22.6 | 20.4 | 25 | 303 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 49 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 309960 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 2.1 | 0.5 | 7.6 | 4 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 41 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 309961 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96 | 90.1 | 98.5 | 97 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 55 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 309962 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your water break more than 3 weeks before your due date (premature rupture of membranes PROM) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.8 | 4.3 | 7.9 | 215 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO158 | 40 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 309963 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 87.2 | 78.1 | 92.8 | 160 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 39 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 309964 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 732 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 55 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 309965 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 77.3 | 73.9 | 80.4 | 947 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 39 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 309966 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 83.2 | 63.5 | 93.4 | 26 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO138 | 42 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES24 | |||
| 309967 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 79.3 | 74.2 | 83.7 | 414 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 54 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 309968 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.2 | 89.7 | 95.6 | 380 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 26 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 309969 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.9 | 96.9 | 98.6 | 415 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 26 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 309970 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 91.1 | 86.4 | 94.3 | 227 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 37 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 309971 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21.1 | 16.5 | 26.5 | 44 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 56 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 309972 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 32 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 40 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 309973 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.3 | 80.5 | 97.9 | 66 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO223 | 44 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 309974 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 57.4 | 51.8 | 62.9 | 334 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 5 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 309975 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 4.9 | 2 | 11.3 | 5 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 17 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 309976 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 82 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 44 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 309977 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 50.6 | 47 | 54.3 | 353 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 28 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 309978 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Indicator of whether an HIV test was refused among women offered the test | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 82 | 75.2 | 87.3 | 124 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO142 | 49 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 309979 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONDRINKER | % | Percentage | 33.6 | 22.7 | 46.5 | 52 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 2 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES25 | |||
| 309980 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 27.4 | 19.1 | 37.6 | 64 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 24 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 309981 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | (*PCH) Indicator of mother having her teeth cleaned any time prior to pregnancy (years 2004 - 2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 80.7 | 78.2 | 82.9 | 838 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO272 | 49 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 309982 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.5 | 20.7 | 28.8 | 143 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 23 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 309983 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1034 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 49 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 309984 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 80.4 | 76.3 | 84 | 315 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 49 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 309985 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | 38.3 | 33.7 | 43.2 | 204 | OTHER | Marital Status | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 37 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES121 | |||
| 309986 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | OFTEN/ALMOST ALWAYS | % | Percentage | 10.7 | 8.8 | 12.9 | 94 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 10 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES30 | |||
| 309987 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 39.6 | 31.8 | 48 | 89 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 26 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 309988 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 39.8 | 34.2 | 45.6 | 168 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 2 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 309989 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.8 | 81.9 | 99.5 | 31 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 10 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 309990 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 5.1 | 3.4 | 7.5 | 29 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 17 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES10 | |||
| 309991 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1417 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 5 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 309992 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW | % | Percentage | 1.8 | 0.7 | 4.2 | 7 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 56 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES57 | |||
| 309993 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 22 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 47 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 309994 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | STOMACH | % | Percentage | 9.8 | 7.2 | 13.3 | 47 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 55 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES68 | |||
| 309995 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.3 | 94.9 | 98.6 | 305 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 25 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 309996 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 28.4 | 23.7 | 33.7 | 146 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 47 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES113 | |||
| 309997 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 61 | 56.6 | 65.2 | 438 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 36 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 309998 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | NO PREV LIVE BRTH | % | Percentage | 44.4 | 41 | 47.8 | 368 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 27 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES59 | |||
| 309999 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 88.2 | 77.6 | 94.2 | 67 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 37 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 310000 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 56 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
