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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 310301 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.7 | 93.5 | 97.1 | 840 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 53 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||
| 310302 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 23 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 310303 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.2 | 96.3 | 97.9 | 1690 | None | None | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 15 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 310304 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 5.6 | 1.6 | 17.6 | 3 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 55 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 310305 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 20 | 12.7 | 30 | 24 | OTHER | Marital Status | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 26 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES41 | |||
| 310306 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 4-6 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 2.3 | 1 | 5.3 | 8 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 54 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES70 | |||
| 310307 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 54 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | 49 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 310308 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1282 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 31 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 310309 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.3 | 78.8 | 92.7 | 98 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 54 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 310310 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 1 day for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 75 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO240 | 13 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 310311 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 31 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 13 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 310312 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | DRINKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 53.8 | 50 | 57.6 | 714 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 8 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES17 | |||
| 310313 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did anyone else physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 40 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO312 | 54 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 310314 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 48 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 24 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 310315 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 3 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 39 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 310316 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 69.5 | 65.2 | 73.5 | 537 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 54 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES71 | |||
| 310317 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 30.8 | 20.8 | 43 | 26 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 49 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES41 | |||
| 310318 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 12.7 | 7.9 | 19.9 | 38 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 13 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 310319 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 58.6 | 54 | 63 | 350 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 44 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 310320 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 55 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES24 | ||||||
| 310321 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 83.1 | 78.3 | 87 | 248 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 15 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES41 | |||
| 310322 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how smoking during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 75.3 | 72.3 | 78 | 947 | None | None | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO40 | 44 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 310323 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11.3 | 9.4 | 13.6 | 131 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 37 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 310324 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 94 | 92 | 95.6 | 714 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 24 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 310325 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 22.5 | 17.4 | 28.5 | 82 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 5 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 310326 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 64.4 | 61.2 | 67.5 | 539 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 34 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 310327 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK/STOMACH | % | Percentage | 4.7 | 1.5 | 13.5 | 3 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 34 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES64 | |||
| 310328 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 56.3 | 48.3 | 63.9 | 167 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 47 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 310329 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Just before you got pregnant were you on Medicaid? (years 2000 - 2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 35.9 | 28.3 | 44.2 | 102 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO17 | 5 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 310330 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 2 | 0.3 | 12.4 | 1 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 23 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES12 | |||
| 310331 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 66.3 | 62.5 | 69.8 | 811 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 8 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 310332 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 52 | 48.7 | 55.3 | 607 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 8 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES71 | |||
| 310333 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | EVERY DAY/WEEK | % | Percentage | 43 | 39.1 | 46.9 | 382 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 24 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES72 | |||
| 310334 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 40 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 8 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 310335 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 1.6 | 0.5 | 5.5 | 2 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 56 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 310336 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97 | 94.7 | 98.3 | 504 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 44 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 310337 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care – Provider | Source of prenatal care (public/private) | PRAMS | Private | % | Percentage | 72 | 67.9 | 75.8 | 756 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP54 | QUO27 | 8 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES31 | |||
| 310338 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1191 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 41 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 310339 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 88.5 | 75.4 | 95 | 37 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 10 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES24 | |||
| 310340 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.6 | 99.3 | 99.8 | 197 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 44 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 310341 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | (*PCH) Indicator of mother having her teeth cleaned any time prior to pregnancy (years 2004 - 2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 69.2 | 63.1 | 74.8 | 281 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO272 | 36 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 310342 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 38 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 10 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 310343 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 34.9 | 27.7 | 42.9 | 127 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 13 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 310344 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 1.7 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 21 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 15 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 310345 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 10.1 | 6.5 | 15.3 | 52 | None | None | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 41 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES41 | |||
| 310346 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | 36.5 | 30.8 | 42.7 | 154 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 2 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES121 | |||
| 310347 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | Yes | % | Percentage | 71.1 | 64.7 | 76.8 | 281 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 47 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES48 | |||
| 310348 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 34 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | ||||||
| 310349 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 7.1 | 4.6 | 10.8 | 40 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 47 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 310350 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 68.4 | 62.9 | 73.4 | 284 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 54 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES24 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
