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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 311501 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.7 | 13.2 | 20.9 | 156 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 8 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 311502 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 73.4 | 66.7 | 79.1 | 179 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 27 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 311503 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 18.1 | 14.3 | 22.5 | 77 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 42 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 311504 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 6.6 | 4.4 | 9.6 | 66 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 24 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES2 | |||
| 311505 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 39.2 | 34.1 | 44.5 | 242 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 5 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 311506 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 103 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 26 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 311507 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Medicaid | % | Percentage | 32.6 | 29 | 36.4 | 300 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 55 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES107 | |||
| 311508 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.1 | 1 | 4.5 | 6 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 15 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 311509 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 69.8 | 66.4 | 73 | 676 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 37 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 311510 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 10 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 47 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 311511 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 34 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | ||||||
| 311512 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.5 | 7.7 | 22.8 | 17 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 34 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 311513 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 8 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES41 | ||||||
| 311514 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS SAME OR MORE | % | Percentage | 2.1 | 0.9 | 4.5 | 13 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 8 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES4 | |||
| 311515 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.5 | 97.3 | 99.2 | 733 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 34 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 311516 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 4.5 | 3 | 6.9 | 39 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 27 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES2 | |||
| 311517 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 13.8 | 11 | 17.3 | 117 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 25 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 311518 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONDRNKR RESUMED | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 2 | OTHER | Marital Status | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 50 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES26 | |||
| 311519 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 3 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 8 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 311520 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 94.9 | 92.2 | 96.7 | 695 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 2 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 311521 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 1 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 56 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES1 | |||
| 311522 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 19 | 15.1 | 23.6 | 121 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 47 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 311523 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.6 | 9 | 17.3 | 30 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 15 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 311524 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | Less than $10,000 | % | Percentage | 3.3 | 2.2 | 4.8 | 34 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 31 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES21 | |||
| 311525 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | Yes | % | Percentage | 63.4 | 56.4 | 69.9 | 424 | OTHER | Marital Status | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 41 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES48 | |||
| 311526 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14.9 | 10.4 | 20.8 | 55 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 5 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 311527 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Where do you usually take your baby for well-baby checkups? | PRAMS | MD / HMO | % | Percentage | 53.4 | 44.1 | 62.5 | 81 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO337 | 31 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES138 | |||
| 311528 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.4 | 88.7 | 91.9 | 1164 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 5 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 311529 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 140 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 8 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 311530 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.1 | 87.6 | 95 | 218 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 17 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 311531 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.7 | 3 | 10 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 25 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES2 | |||
| 311532 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 91.6 | 85.6 | 95.2 | 156 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 5 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES24 | |||
| 311533 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 100 | 206 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 56 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||||
| 311534 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 74 | 71 | 76.8 | 1073 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 5 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES27 | |||
| 311535 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.5 | 0.6 | 26 | 1 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 36 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 311536 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | WIC | During your pregnancy were you on WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children)? | PRAMS | Non-WIC | % | Percentage | 37.9 | 34.3 | 41.7 | 352 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA10 | TOP25 | QUO43 | 54 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES50 | |||
| 311537 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 28 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 37 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 311538 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did anyone else physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.3 | 90.8 | 97.6 | 322 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO314 | 31 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 311539 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 90.9 | 89.3 | 92.4 | 1432 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 17 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 311540 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21 | 10.7 | 37.1 | 14 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 8 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 311541 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 963 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 23 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 311542 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.5 | 95.1 | 98.7 | 453 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 44 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 311543 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKR RESUMED | % | Percentage | 4.6 | 3.1 | 6.9 | 37 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 39 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES29 | |||
| 311544 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how much weight you should gain during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 83.9 | 76 | 89.6 | 130 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO217 | 50 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 311545 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 78 | 69.1 | 85 | 68 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 56 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 311546 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 90.4 | 84.7 | 94.2 | 235 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 2 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 311547 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 68.3 | 63.6 | 72.7 | 276 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 17 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 311548 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 26 | 16.5 | 38.4 | 21 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 37 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES41 | |||
| 311549 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.9 | 1 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 55 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 311550 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 17.2 | 14.9 | 19.8 | 169 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 34 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES113 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
