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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 311951 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 40 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | ||||||
| 311952 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 6.1 | 4.3 | 8.6 | 40 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 44 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES10 | |||
| 311953 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.7 | 94.5 | 99.7 | 111 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 15 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 311954 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - did not want others to think she was at risk for HIV | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO140 | 25 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES24 | ||||||
| 311955 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 4 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 8 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 311956 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | 37.5 | 32.9 | 42.3 | 301 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 28 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES121 | |||
| 311957 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 12 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 49 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES9 | |||
| 311958 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 25 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 8 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 311959 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 47.5 | 42.4 | 52.6 | 254 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 25 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 311960 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 49.2 | 38.7 | 59.8 | 80 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 39 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 311961 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | Hospital Clinic | % | Percentage | 26.7 | 23.3 | 30.4 | 280 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 31 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES137 | |||
| 311962 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 28 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 49 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 311963 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 2 | OTHER | Marital Status | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 55 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES34 | |||
| 311964 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 6.4 | 5 | 8.1 | 63 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 15 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES41 | |||
| 311965 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - did not think she was at risk for HIV | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO139 | 17 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES41 | ||||||
| 311966 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 46 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 55 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 311967 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.2 | 0.5 | 8.4 | 2 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 27 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 311968 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.4 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 21 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 34 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 311969 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE | % | Percentage | 8.2 | 5.5 | 12 | 41 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 53 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES65 | |||
| 311970 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 97 | 95.3 | 98 | 381 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 23 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES24 | |||
| 311971 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.4 | 2.9 | 9.8 | 14 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 44 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 311972 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not think she could become pregnant (sterile) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 94.5 | 90.6 | 96.9 | 265 | None | None | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO81 | 17 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES24 | |||
| 311973 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 3.6 | 1.3 | 9.3 | 9 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 13 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES2 | |||
| 311974 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 50.4 | 46.3 | 54.5 | 438 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 31 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 311975 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 8.1 | 5.6 | 11.5 | 37 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 42 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES10 | |||
| 311976 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 6.6 | 4.8 | 9 | 55 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 55 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 311977 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 20 | 15.4 | 25.6 | 100 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 8 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 311978 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether Medicaid paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 25.8 | 19.3 | 33.7 | 67 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO267 | 25 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES24 | |||
| 311979 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99 | 97 | 99.7 | 295 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 10 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 311980 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.5 | 5.4 | 13.1 | 41 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 5 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 311981 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 76 | 69.3 | 81.7 | 173 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 37 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 311982 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 55 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES24 | ||||||
| 311983 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 51.3 | 33.3 | 69 | 22 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 47 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 311984 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | Hlth Dept Clinic | % | Percentage | 7.4 | 4.8 | 11.2 | 39 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 8 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES136 | |||
| 311985 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONDRNKR RESUMED | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 15 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES26 | ||||||
| 311986 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "6-13" | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 5 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES120 | ||||||
| 311987 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 73.6 | 67.2 | 79.1 | 260 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 55 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 311988 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 44.3 | 39.7 | 48.9 | 367 | None | None | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 5 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 311989 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.7 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 37 | None | None | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 53 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 311990 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 31.7 | 27.8 | 35.9 | 214 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 23 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 311991 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 215 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 24 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 311992 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 31.9 | 27.6 | 36.5 | 238 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 5 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 311993 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 77.2 | 70 | 83.1 | 148 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 55 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 311994 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 909 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 24 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 311995 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9.5 | 4.7 | 18.2 | 15 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 13 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 311996 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Non-Medicaid | % | Percentage | 62.3 | 55.5 | 68.6 | 185 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 31 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES108 | |||
| 311997 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 90.5 | 86.6 | 93.3 | 386 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 5 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||
| 311998 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you lost your job even though you wanted to go on working | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21.1 | 17 | 26 | 84 | OTHER | Marital Status | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO213 | 49 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 311999 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 29 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 40 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 312000 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did a dentist or dental worker talk to you about how to care for your teeth and gums? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 60.1 | 55.4 | 64.7 | 313 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO94 | 56 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
