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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 315251 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | LBW (<=2500g) | % | Percentage | 6.9 | 5.4 | 8.7 | 46 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 10 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES118 | |||
| 315252 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16 | 12.7 | 19.9 | 127 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 54 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 315253 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 78.8 | 73.3 | 83.4 | 274 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 23 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 315254 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 71.9 | 67.1 | 76.3 | 241 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 31 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 315255 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 92.9 | 91.2 | 94.2 | 1087 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 49 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES27 | |||
| 315256 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | NORMAL (18.5-24.9) | % | Percentage | 47.7 | 43.3 | 52 | 336 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 26 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES42 | |||
| 315257 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE/BACK | % | Percentage | 1.7 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 24 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 15 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES66 | |||
| 315258 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 4.5 | 3.2 | 6.4 | 38 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 42 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES9 | |||
| 315259 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.1 | 92.8 | 97.9 | 291 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 17 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 315260 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 90.8 | 88.3 | 92.7 | 549 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 34 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES27 | |||
| 315261 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | Hlth Dept Clinic | % | Percentage | 2.1 | 1.4 | 3 | 34 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 49 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES136 | |||
| 315262 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 37.6 | 30.1 | 45.6 | 78 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 44 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 315263 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.5 | 11.2 | 23.6 | 41 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 24 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 315264 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONDRINKER | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 23 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES25 | ||||||
| 315265 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 26 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 315266 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.6 | 98.6 | 99.9 | 950 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 5 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 315267 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.1 | 5.8 | 11.3 | 37 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 31 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 315268 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 6.2 | 4.4 | 8.8 | 43 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 34 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 315269 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Non-Medicaid | % | Percentage | 41.1 | 33.5 | 49.2 | 73 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 55 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES108 | |||
| 315270 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 94.9 | 93.7 | 96 | 1172 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 49 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 315271 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1199 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 37 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 315272 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 91 | 89.1 | 92.6 | 894 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 17 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 315273 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 29 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 17 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 315274 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 68.2 | 64.4 | 71.7 | 426 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 31 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 315275 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.8 | 6.4 | 9.5 | 110 | None | None | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 26 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 315276 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | Number of previous live births (the motherÂ’s parity classified as no previous live births or one or more previous live births). | PRAMS | 1 or more | % | Percentage | 57.7 | 53.9 | 61.4 | 510 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO26 | 54 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES115 | |||
| 315277 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 88.2 | 84.8 | 90.9 | 454 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 23 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 315278 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.6 | 90.9 | 95.5 | 499 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 31 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 315279 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | Unintended | % | Percentage | 48 | 43.7 | 52.3 | 325 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 37 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES37 | |||
| 315280 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 12.8 | 10.6 | 15.5 | 94 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 28 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 315281 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 38 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 47 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 315282 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 40 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 55 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 315283 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99 | 97.6 | 99.6 | 657 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 54 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 315284 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 1 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 24 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 315285 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.2 | 71 | 95.8 | 47 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 36 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 315286 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.6 | 3.4 | 5 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 31 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES1 | |||
| 315287 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 91.9 | 88.7 | 94.2 | 377 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 15 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 315288 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.5 | 11.6 | 20.3 | 152 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 40 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 315289 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 75.5 | 69.2 | 80.8 | 286 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 47 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 315290 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.7 | 95.1 | 97.7 | 826 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 26 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 315291 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of sufficient well-baby care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 87.4 | 84 | 90.1 | 600 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO42 | 36 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 315292 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | NBW (>2500g) | % | Percentage | 95.5 | 95 | 95.9 | 326 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 50 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES119 | |||
| 315293 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 73.5 | 67.8 | 78.4 | 398 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 53 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 315294 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.6 | 98.3 | 99.9 | 77 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 24 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 315295 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28 | 24.3 | 32 | 194 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 44 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 315296 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 91.7 | 85.8 | 95.2 | 358 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 8 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 315297 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | STILL HOSP | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 7 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 49 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES36 | |||
| 315298 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14.6 | 11.9 | 17.7 | 82 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 50 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 315299 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 15 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES41 | ||||||
| 315300 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 91.5 | 82.9 | 95.9 | 209 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 40 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
