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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 315751 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | OK (NOT LBW OR PRETERM) | % | Percentage | 56.5 | 51.9 | 61 | 372 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 2 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES60 | |||
| 315752 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | NO PREV LIVE BRTH | % | Percentage | 43.6 | 39 | 48.2 | 315 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 36 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES59 | |||
| 315753 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.3 | 24.6 | 32.4 | 175 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 34 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 315754 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | I do not know | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 28 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES46 | ||||||
| 315755 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11.5 | 8.8 | 15 | 93 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 36 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 315756 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 23 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 315757 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 26.2 | 20.8 | 32.4 | 55 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 53 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES113 | |||
| 315758 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | Yes | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 23 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES48 | ||||||
| 315759 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Where do you usually take your baby for well-baby checkups? | PRAMS | Hlth Dept Clinic | % | Percentage | 1.6 | 0.6 | 4.6 | 9 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO337 | 13 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES136 | |||
| 315760 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 68.7 | 58.6 | 77.4 | 79 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 17 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 315761 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 89.1 | 86.4 | 91.3 | 912 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | 28 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 315762 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.2 | 4 | None | None | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 27 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES12 | |||
| 315763 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 57.4 | 52.6 | 62 | 335 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 23 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 315764 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 28 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 53 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 315765 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 7.8 | 5.4 | 11.1 | 39 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 26 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES10 | |||
| 315766 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | ALWAYS | % | Percentage | 6.8 | 4.8 | 9.6 | 36 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 42 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES15 | |||
| 315767 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2 | 1.2 | 3.3 | 21 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 37 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 315768 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 1.3 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 12 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 28 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 315769 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $25,000 to $49,999 | % | Percentage | 13.1 | 7.4 | 22 | 19 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 36 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES6 | |||
| 315770 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 46.4 | 40.1 | 52.8 | 229 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 13 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES24 | |||
| 315771 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.8 | 91.1 | 95.8 | 379 | OTHER | Marital Status | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 50 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 315772 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 50.3 | 38.5 | 62.1 | 57 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 47 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 315773 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care – Provider | Source of prenatal care (public/private) | PRAMS | Public | % | Percentage | 23.5 | 20.2 | 27.2 | 198 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA11 | TOP54 | QUO27 | 54 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES32 | |||
| 315774 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | ALWAYS | % | Percentage | 5.3 | 4 | 6.9 | 100 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 31 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES15 | |||
| 315775 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1268 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 28 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 315776 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 51.6 | 45 | 58.2 | 128 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 17 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 315777 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 1.8 | 0.4 | 7.3 | 8 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 13 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES2 | |||
| 315778 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 67.6 | 62.9 | 72 | 484 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 47 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 315779 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 87.1 | 81.3 | 91.2 | 232 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 39 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 315780 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1257 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 41 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 315781 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 7 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 8 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 315782 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 99.2 | 97.6 | 99.7 | 568 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 25 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 315783 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 86.1 | 73 | 93.4 | 51 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 42 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES24 | |||
| 315784 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 78.1 | 74.3 | 81.4 | 517 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 56 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 315785 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | (*PCH) Indicator of whether smoking is allowed in home now | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.9 | 84.7 | 93.4 | 208 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO260 | 42 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 315786 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 16.6 | 11.8 | 22.8 | 33 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 50 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES34 | |||
| 315787 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | Intended | % | Percentage | 69.2 | 59.6 | 77.4 | 115 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 2 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES19 | |||
| 315788 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of sufficient well-baby care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 115 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO42 | 17 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 315789 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 59.9 | 52.7 | 66.8 | 135 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 44 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 315790 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | OVERWT (25.0-29.9) | % | Percentage | 23.3 | 18.9 | 28.4 | 99 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 44 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES44 | |||
| 315791 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 28 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 15 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 315792 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - did not think she was at risk for HIV | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO139 | 42 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES41 | ||||||
| 315793 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK | % | Percentage | 70.3 | 67.6 | 72.8 | 892 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 17 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES63 | |||
| 315794 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 94.8 | 89.4 | 97.5 | 201 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 27 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES24 | |||
| 315795 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | NEVER | % | Percentage | 34.6 | 27.2 | 42.8 | 56 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 55 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES22 | |||
| 315796 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 6.1 | 3.6 | 10.1 | 19 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 25 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 315797 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Was your baby seen by a doctor nurse or other health care provider in the first week after he or she left the hospital? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 90.3 | 85.9 | 93.5 | 330 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO101 | 23 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 315798 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 5.5 | 3.8 | 7.9 | 34 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 49 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES2 | |||
| 315799 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 74.9 | 68.3 | 80.6 | 120 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 41 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES28 | |||
| 315800 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 47.6 | 36.6 | 58.7 | 45 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 44 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
