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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 319251 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 2.4 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 24 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 8 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES41 | |||
| 319252 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.9 | 82.8 | 86.8 | 1072 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 17 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 319253 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14.6 | 12.3 | 17.3 | 142 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 34 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 319254 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.1 | 93.6 | 97.6 | 505 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 44 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 319255 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 53 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 53 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 319256 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 69.9 | 66.3 | 73.3 | 614 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 26 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 319257 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 53 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 24 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 319258 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 64.4 | 58.8 | 69.7 | 206 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 23 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 319259 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.8 | 1.4 | 10 | 4 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 25 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 319260 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 63.5 | 58.9 | 67.9 | 771 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 40 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 319261 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 50 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES41 | ||||||
| 319262 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 71.8 | 67.2 | 76 | 551 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 28 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 319263 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1248 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 27 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 319264 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 31.7 | 24.8 | 39.6 | 136 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 41 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 319265 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 95 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 36 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 319266 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.9 | 9.3 | 20.2 | 46 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 36 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 319267 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $50,000 or more | % | Percentage | 37.6 | 25.4 | 51.6 | 20 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 55 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES7 | |||
| 319268 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 23 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 37 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 319269 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 84 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 49 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 319270 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | Intended | % | Percentage | 31.3 | 20.2 | 45.2 | 59 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 40 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES19 | |||
| 319271 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 47 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES121 | ||||||
| 319272 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 43 | 38.6 | 47.6 | 311 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 54 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 319273 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.9 | 6 | 10.4 | 62 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 42 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 319274 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Medicaid | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 10 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES107 | ||||||
| 319275 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 72.6 | 65.5 | 78.6 | 190 | None | None | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 26 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES24 | |||
| 319276 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.6 | 0.8 | 30.3 | 1 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 39 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 319277 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.5 | 9.4 | 16.3 | 41 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 31 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 319278 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 72.4 | 66.4 | 77.6 | 234 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 2 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES28 | |||
| 319279 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - did not think she was at risk for HIV | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 76.4 | 63.1 | 86 | 69 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO139 | 5 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES24 | |||
| 319280 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.3 | 79.9 | 86.2 | 567 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 37 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 319281 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 82 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 15 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 319282 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18.4 | 14.1 | 23.7 | 57 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 42 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 319283 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 37 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 31 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 319284 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 5 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 13 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES9 | |||
| 319285 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | INTERMEDIATE PNC | % | Percentage | 16.9 | 13.1 | 21.5 | 84 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 2 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES20 | |||
| 319286 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how smoking during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 22 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO40 | 36 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 319287 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 62.3 | 54.2 | 69.9 | 145 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 54 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 319288 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your water break more than 3 weeks before your due date (premature rupture of membranes PROM) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.7 | 89.6 | 94.9 | 388 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO158 | 26 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 319289 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 56.4 | 51.9 | 60.9 | 369 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 39 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 319290 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 41.7 | 35.8 | 47.7 | 91 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 56 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 319291 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE | % | Percentage | 13.8 | 7.9 | 22.9 | 13 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 56 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES65 | |||
| 319292 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.5 | 13.4 | 20.3 | 103 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 44 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 319293 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not think she could become pregnant (sterile) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 6.3 | 3.2 | 11.9 | 15 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO81 | 36 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES41 | |||
| 319294 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.7 | 93.7 | 97.1 | 680 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 44 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 319295 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 21 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 47 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 319296 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 47.6 | 40.8 | 54.5 | 99 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 10 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 319297 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9.4 | 6.2 | 14.2 | 34 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 23 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 319298 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9.3 | 3.2 | 24.2 | 4 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 49 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 319299 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | WIC | During your pregnancy were you on WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children)? | PRAMS | WIC | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA10 | TOP25 | QUO43 | 47 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES51 | ||||||
| 319300 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | OFTEN/ALMOST ALWAYS | % | Percentage | 10.1 | 8.3 | 12.4 | 159 | None | None | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 39 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES30 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
