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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 320351 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 39.6 | 35.2 | 44.3 | 308 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 5 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 320352 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 4.5 | 2.4 | 8.3 | 9 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 53 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES3 | |||
| 320353 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 17 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 47 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 320354 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK/STOMACH | % | Percentage | 0.5 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 2 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 25 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES64 | |||
| 320355 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 94.2 | 80.1 | 98.5 | 63 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 54 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES24 | |||
| 320356 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.7 | 8.7 | 18.2 | 32 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 56 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 320357 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 35.6 | 27.6 | 44.6 | 187 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 40 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 320358 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2 | 1 | 3.8 | 9 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 55 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 320359 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 43.1 | 25.3 | 62.8 | 17 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 27 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 320360 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 55.1 | 49 | 61 | 196 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 56 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES24 | |||
| 320361 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 38.5 | 27.7 | 50.6 | 35 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 23 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 320362 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 129 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 15 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 320363 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18.4 | 11.2 | 28.8 | 18 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 42 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 320364 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 26 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 40 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 320365 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 29 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 31 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 320366 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.7 | 3.3 | 6 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 36 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 320367 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 96.9 | 94.5 | 98.2 | 567 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 2 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 320368 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 60.8 | 53.1 | 68.1 | 98 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 10 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 320369 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.8 | 9.7 | 16.7 | 66 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 44 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 320370 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 59.3 | 49.8 | 68.2 | 72 | None | None | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 50 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 320371 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 3.7 | 2.6 | 5.4 | 37 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 54 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 320372 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS SAME OR MORE | % | Percentage | 2 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 54 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES4 | |||
| 320373 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99 | 98 | 99.5 | 550 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 2 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 320374 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.9 | 11.4 | 16.9 | 201 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 8 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 320375 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment (for those trying to get pregnant only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.7 | 86.6 | 92.2 | 547 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO222 | 31 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 320376 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 4 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 50 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 320377 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 5.5 | 4 | 7.7 | 40 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 42 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES34 | |||
| 320378 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.2 | 4 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 2 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 320379 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 83 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 25 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 320380 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 40 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 25 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 320381 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 20.4 | 17.2 | 24.1 | 165 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 31 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 320382 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 60.3 | 55 | 65.5 | 391 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 41 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 320383 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 37.7 | 31.2 | 44.7 | 139 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 47 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 320384 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83 | 79.3 | 86.2 | 361 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 15 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 320385 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother was Medicaid recipient at any time (pregnancy for prenatal care or for delivery). | PRAMS | Non-Medicaid | % | Percentage | 72.9 | 69.7 | 76 | 1136 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO53 | 8 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES108 | |||
| 320386 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 7 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 17 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 320387 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 77.6 | 72.6 | 81.9 | 310 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 39 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 320388 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONDRINKER | % | Percentage | 36.2 | 32.5 | 40.1 | 380 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 31 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES25 | |||
| 320389 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.9 | 83.7 | 95.2 | 181 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 36 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 320390 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 3.3 | 1.3 | 8 | 8 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 25 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES9 | |||
| 320391 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 79.7 | 73 | 85.1 | 368 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 41 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 320392 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 18 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 10 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 320393 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 27.2 | 20.2 | 35.4 | 45 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 17 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 320394 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 11.1 | 7.5 | 16.2 | 35 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | 55 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 320395 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 58.9 | 56 | 61.6 | 694 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 10 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES71 | |||
| 320396 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 991 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 37 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 320397 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 10.5 | 6.6 | 16.4 | 55 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 40 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 320398 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS SAME OR MORE | % | Percentage | 1.7 | 1 | 2.9 | 17 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 56 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES4 | |||
| 320399 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 92.6 | 83.4 | 96.9 | 91 | OTHER | Marital Status | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 53 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES24 | |||
| 320400 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 79.7 | 76.5 | 82.6 | 772 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 54 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
