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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 321751 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 5.8 | 4 | 8.4 | 22 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 50 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 321752 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW | % | Percentage | 4.3 | 2 | 8.7 | 14 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 36 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES57 | |||
| 321753 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 15.6 | 13.4 | 18.1 | 174 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 49 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 321754 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 94.3 | 89.2 | 97 | 202 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 28 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 321755 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.8 | 99.3 | 99.9 | 589 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 31 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 321756 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.6 | 93.5 | 99.1 | 144 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 53 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 321757 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 1.2 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 7 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 10 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 321758 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | State Specific | % | Percentage | 12.5 | 7.4 | 20.3 | 21 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 36 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES139 | |||
| 321759 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 22.6 | 17.8 | 28.2 | 135 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 13 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 321760 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1319 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 53 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 321761 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 36 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 10 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 321762 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.1 | 95.2 | 98.2 | 561 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 27 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 321763 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | Hospital Clinic | % | Percentage | 27.6 | 24.5 | 30.9 | 357 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 5 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES137 | |||
| 321764 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 66.1 | 38.8 | 85.7 | 26 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 24 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 321765 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 71.8 | 63.5 | 78.8 | 176 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 36 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 321766 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 39.5 | 29.2 | 50.7 | 54 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 13 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 321767 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 84 | 81.7 | 86.1 | 1125 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 27 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 321768 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 103 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO223 | 49 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 321769 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Injury Prevention | There are loaded guns rifles or other firearms in the home | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.1 | 93.4 | 96.3 | 991 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP40 | QUO186 | 42 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 321770 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether Medicaid paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 66.2 | 56.5 | 74.7 | 148 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO267 | 24 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 321771 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | RARELY | % | Percentage | 21.5 | 17.3 | 26.3 | 149 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 41 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES33 | |||
| 321772 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 26 | OTHER | Marital Status | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 23 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 321773 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 87.2 | 82.2 | 91 | 327 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 25 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES24 | |||
| 321774 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 6.5 | 3.7 | 11 | 45 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 41 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES34 | |||
| 321775 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | NEVER | % | Percentage | 31 | 21 | 43.3 | 20 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 10 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES22 | |||
| 321776 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.7 | 98.1 | 99.9 | 451 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 31 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 321777 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 14 | 11.3 | 17.2 | 105 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 26 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES13 | |||
| 321778 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how smoking during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 31.7 | 17.2 | 50.9 | 14 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO40 | 39 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 321779 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 27.2 | 23.2 | 31.7 | 131 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 17 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 321780 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.9 | 4.9 | 15.5 | 16 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 23 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 321781 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.2 | 94.5 | 97.3 | 1152 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 31 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 321782 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 5 | None | None | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 50 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES34 | |||
| 321783 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 15 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES24 | ||||||
| 321784 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 39.5 | 34.2 | 45.1 | 151 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 42 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 321785 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | Number of previous live births (the motherÂ’s parity classified as no previous live births or one or more previous live births). | PRAMS | 1 or more | % | Percentage | 64.9 | 46.8 | 79.6 | 56 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO26 | 41 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES115 | |||
| 321786 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 55 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES24 | ||||||
| 321787 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 6 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 37 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 321788 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 126 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 26 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 321789 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 6.2 | 4.2 | 9 | 25 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 17 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 321790 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2 | 0.3 | 12.6 | 1 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 42 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 321791 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.5 | 1.1 | 5.2 | 11 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 25 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 321792 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 42 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES24 | ||||||
| 321793 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 12.9 | 10.5 | 15.8 | 95 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 49 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 321794 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 2.5 | 1 | 6.2 | 5 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 17 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES34 | |||
| 321795 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 45.2 | 38.9 | 51.7 | 129 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 37 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 321796 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 33.4 | 24.1 | 44.2 | 36 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 56 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 321797 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 34 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 34 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 321798 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.8 | 76.6 | 86.1 | 390 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 28 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 321799 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 88.6 | 84.3 | 91.8 | 338 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 37 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 321800 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 56.1 | 40 | 71.1 | 38 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 31 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES24 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
