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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 322951 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 48 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 39 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 322952 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.2 | 98.2 | 99.7 | 877 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 53 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 322953 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 3.8 | 1.5 | 9.1 | 12 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 24 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES1 | |||
| 322954 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 5 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 5 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 322955 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 75.1 | 68.3 | 80.9 | 181 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 23 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 322956 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 12.1 | 4.7 | 27.6 | 12 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 41 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES1 | |||
| 322957 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.9 | 6.7 | 11.9 | 84 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 8 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 322958 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 61.1 | 52.8 | 68.8 | 197 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 41 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 322959 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.8 | 13.4 | 20.9 | 88 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 27 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 322960 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment (for those trying to get pregnant only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.9 | 4.3 | 17.6 | 10 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO222 | 49 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 322961 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 23 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES113 | ||||||
| 322962 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 1.8 | 0.7 | 4.7 | 4 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 10 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 322963 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 4.8 | 3.4 | 6.9 | 45 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 2 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES10 | |||
| 322964 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 40.2 | 36.4 | 44.2 | 249 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 10 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 322965 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 53.3 | 43.3 | 63 | 63 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 49 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 322966 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK | % | Percentage | 71.2 | 67.5 | 74.6 | 619 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 54 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES63 | |||
| 322967 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 17 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 55 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 322968 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 42.9 | 40.3 | 45.5 | 219 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 44 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 322969 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 11.6 | 6.1 | 21 | 10 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 17 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 322970 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 38 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 5 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 322971 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 1 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 9 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 15 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES41 | |||
| 322972 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 47 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 322973 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.2 | 78.8 | 83.4 | 1405 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 8 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 322974 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.2 | 80 | 86 | 732 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 26 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 322975 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18.9 | 14.9 | 23.7 | 67 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 10 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 322976 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1386 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 41 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 322977 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 89.8 | 87.3 | 91.9 | 693 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 37 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 322978 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 14.8 | 10.7 | 20 | 50 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 28 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES27 | |||
| 322979 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 85 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 2 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 322980 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | THEN | % | Percentage | 25.4 | 20.2 | 31.5 | 107 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 5 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES111 | |||
| 322981 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 4.7 | 2.8 | 8 | 19 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 25 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES2 | |||
| 322982 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 24.4 | 19.5 | 30.1 | 114 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 28 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES41 | |||
| 322983 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.7 | 2 | 15.1 | 8 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 5 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 322984 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 9.9 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 65 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | 55 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 322985 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 9.2 | 6.5 | 12.9 | 75 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 8 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES2 | |||
| 322986 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 1 day for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 112 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO240 | 27 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 322987 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 65.9 | 59.1 | 72.1 | 159 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 17 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 322988 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 11.9 | 7.6 | 18.1 | 31 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 2 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES10 | |||
| 322989 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Maternal Health Care | (*PCH) Indicator of having received preconception counseling (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 47 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP52 | QUO246 | 39 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 322990 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 54 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | ||||||
| 322991 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you have your teeth cleaned? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 70 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO75 | 2 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 322992 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21.4 | 16.4 | 27.4 | 56 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 34 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 322993 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from family or friends | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 10.1 | 3 | 29 | 5 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO303 | 5 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 322994 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from family or friends | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 91.2 | 87.7 | 93.7 | 507 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO303 | 53 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES24 | |||
| 322995 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.2 | 83.4 | 93.1 | 171 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 34 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 322996 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 83.7 | 79.7 | 87.1 | 471 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 56 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 322997 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.5 | 93.9 | 98 | 510 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 41 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 322998 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | THEN | % | Percentage | 39.8 | 34.2 | 45.8 | 113 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 50 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES111 | |||
| 322999 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONDRINKER | % | Percentage | 60.5 | 50.8 | 69.5 | 134 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 47 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES25 | |||
| 323000 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.6 | 96.4 | 99.5 | 383 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 26 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES24 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
