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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 324751 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85.6 | 80.5 | 89.5 | 175 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 17 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 324752 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 80.8 | 77 | 84 | 424 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 27 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 324753 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 30.7 | 27.2 | 34.5 | 239 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 37 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 324754 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not think she could become pregnant (sterile) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 92 | 81.6 | 96.7 | 46 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO81 | 31 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 324755 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | OK (NOT LBW OR PRETERM) | % | Percentage | 34.9 | 29.3 | 40.9 | 156 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 39 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES60 | |||
| 324756 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.8 | 97.7 | 99.4 | 630 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 10 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 324757 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1406 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 17 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 324758 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 40 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 10 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 324759 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 3.3 | 1.3 | 8.2 | 10 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 24 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 324760 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 32 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 36 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 324761 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.2 | 78.7 | 88.5 | 212 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 44 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 324762 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 96.3 | 95.1 | 97.3 | 887 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 31 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 324763 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21.8 | 18.8 | 25.1 | 307 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 8 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 324764 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.4 | 87.3 | 99.5 | 136 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 13 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 324765 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 3.2 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 55 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 17 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES9 | |||
| 324766 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 9.4 | 8 | 11.1 | 161 | None | None | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 17 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 324767 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 18.8 | 10.9 | 30.6 | 12 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 56 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES41 | |||
| 324768 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 41.7 | 36.2 | 47.4 | 165 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 23 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 324769 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 9 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 50 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 324770 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your water break more than 3 weeks before your due date (premature rupture of membranes PROM) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 94.5 | 91.9 | 96.3 | 384 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO158 | 56 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 324771 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 37.4 | 29.2 | 46.5 | 101 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 24 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 324772 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 16.1 | 9.4 | 26.3 | 33 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 40 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES41 | |||
| 324773 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | STILL HOSP | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.4 | 2 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 55 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES36 | |||
| 324774 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment (for those trying to get pregnant only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.8 | 85.6 | 94.2 | 157 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO222 | 25 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 324775 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 22.3 | 17.2 | 28.4 | 87 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 5 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 324776 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 65.1 | 57.1 | 72.3 | 148 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 23 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 324777 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | Number of previous live births (the motherÂ’s parity classified as no previous live births or one or more previous live births). | PRAMS | 1 or more | % | Percentage | 74.5 | 70.5 | 78.2 | 418 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO26 | 27 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES115 | |||
| 324778 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 8 | 4.2 | 14.8 | 8 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 15 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 324779 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | INADEQUATE PNC | % | Percentage | 5.2 | 3.6 | 7.2 | 94 | None | None | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 41 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES18 | |||
| 324780 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 18 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 26 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 324781 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.9 | 9.3 | 17.6 | 58 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 36 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 324782 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 69.4 | 58 | 78.9 | 49 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 27 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 324783 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | 39.8 | 36.9 | 42.8 | 394 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 10 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES121 | |||
| 324784 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.3 | 5 | 10.7 | 26 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 53 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 324785 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 15 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | ||||||
| 324786 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.7 | 8.9 | 29.2 | 13 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 55 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 324787 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.7 | 97.1 | 99.4 | 560 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 8 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 324788 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 3 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 13 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 324789 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did anyone else physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO312 | 54 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 324790 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.2 | 77.7 | 89 | 254 | OTHER | Marital Status | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 47 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 324791 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 25.3 | 21.3 | 29.7 | 109 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 50 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES71 | |||
| 324792 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 25 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 34 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 324793 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95 | 83.5 | 98.6 | 51 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 27 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 324794 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Just before you got pregnant were you on Medicaid? (years 2000 - 2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.4 | 3.3 | 8.6 | 25 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO17 | 2 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 324795 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 102 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 8 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 324796 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Just before you got pregnant were you on Medicaid? (years 2000 - 2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86 | 79.9 | 90.5 | 197 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO17 | 44 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 324797 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 22.9 | 19.7 | 26.5 | 132 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 15 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 324798 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 82.1 | 76.2 | 86.7 | 408 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 24 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 324799 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1199 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 37 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 324800 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 40 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 17 | BOC13 | BOC13 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
