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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 325201 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.1 | 73.7 | 95.1 | 27 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 25 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 325202 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 69.2 | 65 | 73.1 | 585 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 28 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 325203 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 1.6 | 0.4 | 5.8 | 2 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 54 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES12 | |||
| 325204 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 127 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 37 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 325205 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 1.7 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 14 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 44 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES9 | |||
| 325206 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 84.3 | 81.4 | 86.9 | 498 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 34 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES27 | |||
| 325207 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 97.3 | 94.7 | 98.6 | 124 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 2 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 325208 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 1 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 5 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 50 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 325209 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 73.1 | 69.3 | 76.5 | 477 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 31 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 325210 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 54.4 | 45.3 | 63.1 | 66 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 10 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES41 | |||
| 325211 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 43.5 | 40.3 | 46.6 | 527 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 34 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 325212 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 63.7 | 59.1 | 68 | 311 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO35 | 56 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 325213 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | THEN | % | Percentage | 70.2 | 65.7 | 74.4 | 490 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 39 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES111 | |||
| 325214 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 51.8 | 43.1 | 60.4 | 65 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 55 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 325215 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 96.4 | 94.3 | 97.8 | 688 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 2 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 325216 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 59.6 | 55.2 | 63.8 | 508 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 28 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 325217 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 7.5 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 63 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 31 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES2 | |||
| 325218 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.7 | 86.7 | 90.4 | 1107 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 49 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 325219 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 82.9 | 78.6 | 86.5 | 479 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 13 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 325220 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 16.5 | 7.9 | 31.3 | 21 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 40 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES41 | |||
| 325221 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 39 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 10 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 325222 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 26.1 | 20.2 | 33 | 59 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 23 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 325223 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 93.9 | 91.9 | 95.4 | 1090 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 5 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 325224 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 32 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 55 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 325225 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did a dentist or dental worker talk to you about how to care for your teeth and gums? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 52.3 | 48.4 | 56.1 | 417 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO94 | 26 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 325226 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | WIC | During your pregnancy were you on WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children)? | PRAMS | WIC | % | Percentage | 25.4 | 21.8 | 29.4 | 258 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA10 | TOP25 | QUO43 | 53 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES51 | |||
| 325227 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 84.4 | 75.6 | 90.4 | 151 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 2 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES24 | |||
| 325228 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 60.3 | 54 | 66.3 | 185 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 42 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 325229 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 49 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 56 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 325230 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.2 | 94.7 | 97.3 | 1261 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 8 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 325231 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 70 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 25 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 325232 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.9 | 85.3 | 96.8 | 52 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 25 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 325233 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | Unintended | % | Percentage | 34.5 | 31.9 | 37.2 | 447 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 34 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES37 | |||
| 325234 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | Did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about baby blues or postpartum depression during pregnancy or after your delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 9.1 | 7.1 | 11.6 | 60 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO97 | 50 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 325235 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 34 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES41 | ||||||
| 325236 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | Number of previous live births (the motherÂ’s parity classified as no previous live births or one or more previous live births). | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 3 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO26 | 26 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 325237 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1407 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 17 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 325238 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 6.5 | 4.4 | 9.6 | 38 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 28 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES2 | |||
| 325239 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | Number of previous live births (the motherÂ’s parity classified as no previous live births or one or more previous live births). | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO26 | 54 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 325240 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.6 | 1.7 | 7.7 | 9 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 5 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 325241 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 11.4 | 7.7 | 16.5 | 26 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 34 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 325242 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 72 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 34 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 325243 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 4 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 17 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES34 | |||
| 325244 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 6.2 | 2.3 | 15.7 | 7 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 47 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES10 | |||
| 325245 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 23 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | ||||||
| 325246 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 8.9 | 5.3 | 14.5 | 17 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 49 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES41 | |||
| 325247 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 72.9 | 70.2 | 75.4 | 1207 | None | None | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 26 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES28 | |||
| 325248 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how much weight you should gain during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 24.3 | 20.9 | 28.2 | 182 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO217 | 39 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 325249 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2 | 3 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 50 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 325250 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.5 | 9.4 | 16.6 | 83 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 25 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
