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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 326251 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 21 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 47 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 326252 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 54 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 326253 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did anyone else physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 32 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO312 | 31 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 326254 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.7 | 86.8 | 90.3 | 953 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 17 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 326255 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 46.2 | 36.2 | 56.5 | 57 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 27 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 326256 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 6 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 10 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 326257 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 55 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | ||||||
| 326258 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 10 | 6.7 | 14.7 | 32 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 2 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 326259 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 70.7 | 63 | 77.3 | 152 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 28 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 326260 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 29.9 | 17.6 | 46 | 23 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 54 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 326261 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 2 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 25 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 326262 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 204 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 40 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 326263 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | Unintended | % | Percentage | 32.2 | 25.4 | 39.8 | 146 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 40 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES37 | |||
| 326264 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 55 | 44.3 | 65.4 | 132 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 41 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 326265 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 47.2 | 26.3 | 69.2 | 26 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 39 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 326266 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW | % | Percentage | 1.7 | 1 | 2.9 | 21 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 23 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES57 | |||
| 326267 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 138 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 8 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 326268 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 90.9 | 87.3 | 93.6 | 364 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 42 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES24 | |||
| 326269 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 80.6 | 77.7 | 83.2 | 895 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 23 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 326270 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14.1 | 11.2 | 17.7 | 142 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 24 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 326271 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.4 | 94.4 | 97.8 | 1247 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 40 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 326272 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | RARELY | % | Percentage | 21.9 | 14.8 | 31.3 | 56 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 13 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES33 | |||
| 326273 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - afraid of getting test results | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 1 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO136 | 15 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES41 | |||
| 326274 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.9 | 97.7 | 99.5 | 825 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 2 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 326275 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1317 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 53 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 326276 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.6 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 19 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO223 | 49 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 326277 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 35 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 27 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 326278 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 23 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 36 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 326279 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.8 | 8.3 | 19.3 | 35 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 2 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 326280 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11.2 | 9 | 13.7 | 136 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 49 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 326281 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.2 | 14 | 18.6 | 189 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 49 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 326282 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.3 | 20.3 | 28.8 | 150 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 28 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 326283 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you lost your job even though you wanted to go on working | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86.9 | 82.8 | 90.2 | 699 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO213 | 41 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 326284 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 87.3 | 84 | 90 | 503 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 44 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 326285 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 5.7 | 3.7 | 8.7 | 55 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 40 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 326286 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE | % | Percentage | 11.9 | 6.2 | 21.5 | 14 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 53 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES65 | |||
| 326287 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Maternal Health Care | (*PCH) Since your new baby was born have you had a postpartum checkup for yourself? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 29 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP52 | QUO244 | 34 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 326288 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | Did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about baby blues or postpartum depression during pregnancy or after your delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 18.6 | 11.5 | 28.7 | 35 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO97 | 39 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 326289 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 60.9 | 53.5 | 67.8 | 126 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 28 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 326290 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Morbidity | During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you have anemia (poor blood low iron)? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 25 | 17 | 35.2 | 56 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP42 | QUO132 | 24 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 326291 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about getting your blood tested for HIV? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 27 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO39 | 50 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 326292 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 87.6 | 79.8 | 92.6 | 245 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 13 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||
| 326293 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.7 | 87.3 | 91.7 | 554 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 36 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 326294 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.2 | 88.3 | 96.2 | 210 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 23 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 326295 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not think she could become pregnant (sterile) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO81 | 42 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES24 | ||||||
| 326296 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85.6 | 80.4 | 89.6 | 382 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 5 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 326297 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 80.9 | 76.7 | 84.4 | 483 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 36 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES28 | |||
| 326298 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 80 | 73.7 | 85.1 | 192 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 56 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 326299 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1074 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 15 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 326300 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.6 | 82.4 | 91.4 | 284 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 55 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
