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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 328401 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | Did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about baby blues or postpartum depression during pregnancy or after your delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 36.6 | 28.6 | 45.5 | 106 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO97 | 24 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 328402 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 64.1 | 56.3 | 71.3 | 118 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 56 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 328403 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 3.1 | 2 | 4.9 | 25 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 55 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 328404 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1419 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 17 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 328405 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $25,000 to $49,999 | % | Percentage | 19.5 | 16.1 | 23.4 | 90 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 36 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES6 | |||
| 328406 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 2.1 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 25 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 54 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES12 | |||
| 328407 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 22.5 | 19 | 26.6 | 192 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 23 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 328408 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 11.4 | 8.2 | 15.7 | 125 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 40 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 328409 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.1 | 91.9 | 94.2 | 1540 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 49 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 328410 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $25,000 to $49,999 | % | Percentage | 22 | 17 | 28 | 73 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 31 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES6 | |||
| 328411 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.3 | 24.9 | 31.9 | 293 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 5 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 328412 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 13.2 | 8.5 | 19.9 | 31 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 47 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES9 | |||
| 328413 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - previously tested for HIV | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO137 | 17 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES24 | ||||||
| 328414 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 114 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 5 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 328415 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 4.5 | 2.6 | 7.7 | 13 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 54 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 328416 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 68 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 25 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 328417 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - did not think she was at risk for HIV | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 17 | 8.3 | 31.9 | 7 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO139 | 15 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES41 | |||
| 328418 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.3 | 76.8 | 88.2 | 195 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 55 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 328419 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 83.2 | 80.8 | 85.3 | 1038 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 27 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 328420 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 42 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES24 | ||||||
| 328421 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 99.4 | 98.2 | 99.8 | 133 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 53 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES24 | |||
| 328422 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 54 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | ||||||
| 328423 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1744 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 8 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 328424 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 39.2 | 33.5 | 45.2 | 139 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 37 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 328425 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 76.9 | 63.5 | 86.3 | 111 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 40 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 328426 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 944 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 28 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 328427 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 963 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 23 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 328428 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 40.6 | 36.6 | 44.7 | 384 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 5 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 328429 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | WIC | During your pregnancy were you on WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children)? | PRAMS | WIC | % | Percentage | 26.9 | 17.4 | 39 | 18 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA10 | TOP25 | QUO43 | 10 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES51 | |||
| 328430 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85.4 | 82.5 | 88 | 635 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 34 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 328431 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 70.3 | 62.5 | 77.1 | 184 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 36 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES71 | |||
| 328432 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether delivery was paid for by insurance through the military | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO364 | 15 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES24 | ||||||
| 328433 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 92.6 | 84.8 | 96.5 | 106 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 36 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES24 | |||
| 328434 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.5 | 95.9 | 98.5 | 1112 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 28 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 328435 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 962 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 23 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 328436 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 49.9 | 40.6 | 59.2 | 63 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 27 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 328437 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 9.3 | 4 | 20.4 | 6 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 26 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 328438 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKR RESUMED | % | Percentage | 7.7 | 3.6 | 15.7 | 12 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 27 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES29 | |||
| 328439 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 92.5 | 85.5 | 96.3 | 58 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 31 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 328440 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 4-6 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 8.4 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 63 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 36 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES70 | |||
| 328441 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 23.8 | 18.7 | 29.9 | 103 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 5 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 328442 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE | % | Percentage | 8.8 | 4.1 | 18.1 | 8 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 50 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES65 | |||
| 328443 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 31.4 | 26 | 37.5 | 76 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 10 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 328444 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $10,000 to $24,999 | % | Percentage | 15.6 | 13.3 | 18.3 | 270 | None | None | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 25 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES5 | |||
| 328445 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "6-13" | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 56 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES120 | ||||||
| 328446 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 48.3 | 42.5 | 54.2 | 158 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 50 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 328447 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.9 | 78.4 | 85 | 517 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 26 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 328448 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.6 | 3.6 | 8.7 | 19 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 53 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 328449 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 40 | 36.3 | 43.9 | 357 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 55 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 328450 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW | % | Percentage | 1.7 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 19 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 44 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES57 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
