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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 329601 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.7 | 97.6 | 99.3 | 491 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 55 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 329602 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1060 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 2 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 329603 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 72.7 | 68.9 | 76.2 | 738 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 40 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 329604 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 41.6 | 30.5 | 53.7 | 36 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 50 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 329605 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 36 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES41 | ||||||
| 329606 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 117 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 37 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 329607 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | OVERWT (25.0-29.9) | % | Percentage | 22.8 | 20 | 25.9 | 204 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 17 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES44 | |||
| 329608 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 34 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 53 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 329609 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 72 | 66 | 77.3 | 520 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 40 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 329610 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 1.4 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 11 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 34 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 329611 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||||||
| 329612 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0 | 1.1 | 1 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 5 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES11 | |||
| 329613 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 63.3 | 55 | 70.8 | 156 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 36 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 329614 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 10.5 | 8 | 13.6 | 58 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 17 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 329615 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18.7 | 14.3 | 24 | 74 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 34 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 329616 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 85 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 8 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 329617 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 48.1 | 44.2 | 52 | 299 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 10 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 329618 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 76 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | BOC6 | |||||||||
| 329619 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 43.2 | 36 | 50.7 | 118 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 47 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 329620 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 74 | 64.1 | 81.9 | 84 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 49 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 329621 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of baby having a well-baby check-up | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 98.9 | 94.4 | 99.8 | 184 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO336 | 24 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 329622 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.6 | 76.1 | 98.5 | 45 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 31 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 329623 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 6 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 39 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 329624 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.5 | 86.1 | 92.1 | 713 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 53 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 329625 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - previously tested for HIV | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO137 | 42 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES41 | ||||||
| 329626 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 10.8 | 8.6 | 13.6 | 116 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 28 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 329627 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 97 | 94.7 | 98.4 | 430 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 37 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 329628 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 6.4 | 4.7 | 8.7 | 36 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 10 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES9 | |||
| 329629 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 35.6 | 24.6 | 48.3 | 32 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 55 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 329630 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 2.2 | 0.9 | 5.4 | 4 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 10 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES11 | |||
| 329631 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.1 | 5.4 | 12 | 28 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 44 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 329632 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 54 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | ||||||
| 329633 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 94.8 | 91.4 | 96.9 | 297 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 34 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 329634 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 52 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 49 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 329635 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.5 | 97.4 | 99.2 | 864 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 26 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 329636 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 1 day for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 129 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO240 | 15 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 329637 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 13.3 | 9.3 | 18.5 | 37 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 42 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES2 | |||
| 329638 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 25 | 8.2 | 55.4 | 10 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 24 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 329639 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11 | 8.3 | 14.6 | 59 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 27 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 329640 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.3 | 83.6 | 90.2 | 737 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 13 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 329641 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.6 | 13 | 18.6 | 103 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 10 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 329642 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 16 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 8 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 329643 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 86.1 | 83.5 | 88.3 | 733 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 50 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 329644 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2 | 2 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 25 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 329645 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.7 | 79.9 | 86.8 | 694 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 39 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 329646 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 17.2 | 11 | 25.7 | 50 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 24 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 329647 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW | % | Percentage | 4.3 | 2.8 | 6.6 | 33 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 54 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES57 | |||
| 329648 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did a dentist or dental worker talk to you about how to care for your teeth and gums? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 31.8 | 25.8 | 38.5 | 85 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO94 | 56 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 329649 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 57.4 | 52.6 | 62 | 429 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 5 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES71 | |||
| 329650 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 77 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 24 | BOC11 | BOC11 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
