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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 332151 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 64.6 | 52.6 | 75 | 56 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 49 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES24 | |||
| 332152 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how smoking during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 8 | 4.4 | 14.1 | 11 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO40 | 50 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 332153 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 826 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 23 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 332154 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 54 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | ||||||
| 332155 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | NORMAL (18.5-24.9) | % | Percentage | 57.7 | 49 | 66.1 | 138 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 5 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES42 | |||
| 332156 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 79.2 | 73.3 | 84.1 | 298 | OTHER | Marital Status | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 36 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 332157 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.8 | 1.7 | 4.6 | 25 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 44 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 332158 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 144 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 39 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 332159 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 42.3 | 32.3 | 53 | 96 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 8 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 332160 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0 | 1.6 | 1 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 42 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES12 | |||
| 332161 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 80.6 | 62.7 | 91.2 | 48 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 28 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 332162 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 52 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 55 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 332163 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 79.7 | 75.6 | 83.3 | 452 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 44 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES28 | |||
| 332164 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 31.5 | 27.8 | 35.4 | 211 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 42 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 332165 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11.4 | 4.3 | 26.7 | 6 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 44 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 332166 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.3 | 9.9 | 22.9 | 18 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 55 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 332167 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.4 | 97 | 99.2 | 748 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 36 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 332168 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 2 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 47 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES12 | |||
| 332169 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did anyone else physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.5 | 95.7 | 98.6 | 741 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO312 | 54 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 332170 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 56.2 | 51.1 | 61.2 | 428 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 39 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 332171 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 79.5 | 76.2 | 82.4 | 727 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 31 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 332172 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.3 | 13.5 | 19.6 | 109 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 42 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 332173 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11.4 | 9.5 | 13.4 | 121 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 15 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 332174 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 10.5 | 6.6 | 16.2 | 22 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 42 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 332175 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.2 | 1.1 | 4.4 | 17 | OTHER | Marital Status | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO223 | 25 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 332176 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 6.2 | 4.3 | 9 | 54 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 40 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 332177 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 2.5 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 14 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 5 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 332178 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 61.1 | 45.1 | 75 | 22 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 50 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES41 | |||
| 332179 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85.6 | 83.1 | 87.8 | 1265 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 53 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 332180 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 17.5 | 12.1 | 24.7 | 47 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 36 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 332181 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Morbidity | During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you have anemia (poor blood low iron)? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 13 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP42 | QUO132 | 24 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 332182 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 37 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 42 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 332183 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | LATER | % | Percentage | 29.4 | 19 | 42.4 | 16 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 15 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES109 | |||
| 332184 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 50 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 332185 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.8 | 90.6 | 98.2 | 287 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 41 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 332186 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.1 | 2 | 4.7 | 20 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 50 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 332187 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 6 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 28 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 332188 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 38 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 41 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 332189 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | 30.8 | 25.6 | 36.5 | 273 | OTHER | Marital Status | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 40 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES121 | |||
| 332190 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86 | 82.3 | 88.9 | 586 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 53 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 332191 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO138 | 5 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES24 | ||||||
| 332192 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | WIC | During your pregnancy were you on WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children)? | PRAMS | WIC | % | Percentage | 49 | 41.7 | 56.2 | 200 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA10 | TOP25 | QUO43 | 39 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES51 | |||
| 332193 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 6 | 2.4 | 13.9 | 8 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 56 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 332194 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 34.7 | 17.7 | 56.9 | 11 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 53 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 332195 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 17 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 55 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 332196 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 5 | 2.7 | 9 | 13 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 42 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES13 | |||
| 332197 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 3.1 | 1.4 | 6.7 | 12 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 25 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 332198 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 10 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 41 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 332199 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 5 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 54 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 332200 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1271 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 28 | BOC12 | BOC12 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
