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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 333851 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Was your baby seen by a doctor nurse or other health care provider in the first week after he or she left the hospital? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 98 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO101 | 49 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 333852 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 6.5 | 4.3 | 9.7 | 33 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 25 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 333853 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | NO PREV LIVE BRTH | % | Percentage | 48.8 | 44.4 | 53.2 | 285 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 26 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES59 | |||
| 333854 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 74 | 69 | 78.4 | 514 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 8 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 333855 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 98.1 | 95.5 | 99.2 | 416 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 28 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 333856 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Morbidity | (*PCH) During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you have high blood pressure (hypertension)? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.4 | 3.7 | 7.9 | 42 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP42 | QUO130 | 54 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 333857 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.6 | 89.9 | 98.1 | 118 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 55 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 333858 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | ADEQUATE PNC | % | Percentage | 82.3 | 79.4 | 84.8 | 707 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 27 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES14 | |||
| 333859 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 66.2 | 50.2 | 79.1 | 34 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 27 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES28 | |||
| 333860 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 78.5 | 72.6 | 83.5 | 170 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 10 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 333861 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Injury Prevention | Baby always or almost always rides in an infant car seat | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 85 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP40 | QUO185 | 25 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 333862 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 15.7 | 11.8 | 20.5 | 44 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 10 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 333863 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you lost your job even though you wanted to go on working | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 24 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO213 | 47 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 333864 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether Medicaid paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO267 | 50 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES41 | ||||||
| 333865 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 75.9 | 70.4 | 80.7 | 329 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 54 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 333866 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 82.3 | 71.7 | 89.5 | 68 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 42 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES24 | |||
| 333867 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 80.7 | 77.7 | 83.5 | 614 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 50 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 333868 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | SOONER | % | Percentage | 13.3 | 7.4 | 22.8 | 14 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 56 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES110 | |||
| 333869 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS SAME OR MORE | % | Percentage | 2.2 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 25 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 28 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES4 | |||
| 333870 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14.3 | 12.8 | 16 | 43 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 50 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 333871 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 860 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 10 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 333872 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether delivery was paid for by insurance through the military | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 91.8 | 83.1 | 96.2 | 189 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO364 | 2 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES24 | |||
| 333873 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 41 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 55 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 333874 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.5 | 68.7 | 95.7 | 31 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 49 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 333875 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.6 | 10.2 | 18.1 | 86 | OTHER | Marital Status | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 25 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 333876 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | (*PCH) Indicator of whether smoking is allowed in home now | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 6 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO260 | 53 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 333877 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 29.2 | 25.5 | 33.2 | 195 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 49 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 333878 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 69 | 60.2 | 76.7 | 110 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 50 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 333879 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9.3 | 6.8 | 12.5 | 56 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 23 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 333880 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.8 | 97.7 | 99.4 | 1217 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 25 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 333881 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.9 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 39 | None | None | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 41 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 333882 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 29.1 | 25 | 33.5 | 205 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 5 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 333883 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 77.8 | 74.3 | 81 | 428 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 15 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 333884 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - did not think she was at risk for HIV | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO139 | 53 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES24 | ||||||
| 333885 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | MD / HMO | % | Percentage | 77.9 | 74 | 81.4 | 378 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 49 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES138 | |||
| 333886 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.5 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 1 | OTHER | Marital Status | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 31 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 333887 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | PRETERM | % | Percentage | 4.9 | 3.3 | 7.2 | 30 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 17 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES61 | |||
| 333888 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 6.8 | 2.4 | 17.6 | 4 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 25 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 333889 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2 | 2 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 49 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES8 | |||
| 333890 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | Unintended | % | Percentage | 32.1 | 28.8 | 35.5 | 246 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 15 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES37 | |||
| 333891 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | (*PCH) Indicator of whether smoking is allowed in home now | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.5 | 4.9 | 14.2 | 21 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO260 | 53 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 333892 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 92.3 | 90 | 94.1 | 589 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 10 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 333893 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.7 | 22.9 | 35.4 | 159 | OTHER | Marital Status | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 8 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 333894 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about getting your blood tested for HIV? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 76.1 | 71.4 | 80.2 | 426 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO39 | 25 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 333895 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.4 | 84.6 | 96.4 | 217 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 13 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 333896 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 15.9 | 8.6 | 27.4 | 9 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 15 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 333897 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how smoking during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 23.5 | 21 | 26.1 | 299 | None | None | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO40 | 37 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 333898 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.4 | 3 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 28 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES12 | |||
| 333899 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 91.2 | 85.5 | 94.8 | 139 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 50 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 333900 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your water break more than 3 weeks before your due date (premature rupture of membranes PROM) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 11 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO158 | 50 | BOC6 | BOC6 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
