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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 338701 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 42.2 | 24.3 | 62.5 | 11 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 49 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 338702 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 0.5 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 6 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 5 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES49 | |||
| 338703 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 75.2 | 71.6 | 78.5 | 1123 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 41 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 338704 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 4.8 | 2.6 | 8.7 | 10 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 10 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES41 | |||
| 338705 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 9.5 | 4.9 | 17.5 | 15 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 39 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES1 | |||
| 338706 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 877 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 41 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 338707 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 983 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 50 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 338708 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 1.4 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 7 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 31 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES9 | |||
| 338709 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.2 | 87.8 | 95.1 | 377 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 2 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 338710 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.1 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 5 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 39 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 338711 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.4 | 90.5 | 98.7 | 274 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 41 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 338712 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK/STOMACH | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 5 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 17 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES64 | |||
| 338713 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.9 | 12.6 | 19.8 | 61 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 25 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 338714 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 84.9 | 69.2 | 93.4 | 54 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 2 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 338715 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 8 | 5.8 | 10.9 | 84 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 39 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES10 | |||
| 338716 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.7 | 2 | 10.6 | 7 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 31 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 338717 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 4 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 8 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES11 | |||
| 338718 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 57.7 | 50.8 | 64.4 | 341 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 40 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 338719 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.2 | 93.4 | 96.5 | 961 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 50 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 338720 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 860 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 10 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 338721 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how much weight you should gain during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 74.6 | 71.8 | 77.2 | 931 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO217 | 49 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 338722 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 4.9 | 3.1 | 7.5 | 25 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 44 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES41 | |||
| 338723 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 16 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 26 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 338724 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85.8 | 68.4 | 94.4 | 45 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 39 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 338725 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.3 | 3.1 | 6 | 43 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 50 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 338726 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not think she could become pregnant (sterile) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 94.4 | 88.5 | 97.4 | 180 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO81 | 54 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES24 | |||
| 338727 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | STOMACH | % | Percentage | 10.7 | 8.4 | 13.5 | 141 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 24 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES68 | |||
| 338728 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 823 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 23 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 338729 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Indicator of whether an HIV test was offered among women not receiving the test | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15 | 6.6 | 30.5 | 5 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO141 | 15 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 338730 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.1 | 92.8 | 97.9 | 503 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 24 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 338731 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 52.9 | 46.2 | 59.4 | 326 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 40 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 338732 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.4 | 0.5 | 4 | 8 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 25 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 338733 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 29.2 | 25.1 | 33.7 | 183 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 27 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 338734 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | NOT OBESE | % | Percentage | 79.2 | 73.4 | 83.9 | 338 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 5 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES112 | |||
| 338735 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.3 | 96.2 | 99.2 | 372 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 23 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 338736 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 100 | 420 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 53 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||||
| 338737 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.9 | 20.7 | 29.6 | 198 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 13 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 338738 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 5.3 | 3.6 | 7.9 | 33 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 37 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES13 | |||
| 338739 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.7 | 85 | 90 | 1010 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 5 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 338740 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 42.6 | 33.7 | 52 | 102 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 25 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 338741 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 186 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 5 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 338742 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 91.2 | 88.4 | 93.3 | 694 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 44 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES27 | |||
| 338743 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15 | 11.1 | 19.9 | 43 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 10 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 338744 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 56.4 | 46.4 | 66 | 58 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 17 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 338745 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.9 | 83.9 | 92.5 | 256 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 23 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 338746 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 59.2 | 53.8 | 64.4 | 251 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 34 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES71 | |||
| 338747 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | 44.6 | 40.6 | 48.7 | 261 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 10 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES121 | |||
| 338748 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 0.9 | 0.2 | 5.1 | 3 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 13 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES49 | |||
| 338749 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 3 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 44 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES8 | |||
| 338750 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.7 | 5.4 | 10.9 | 26 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 31 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
