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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 343051 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 2 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 49 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES8 | |||
| 343052 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | 39.1 | 34 | 44.4 | 212 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 47 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES121 | |||
| 343053 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 57 | 53.4 | 60.4 | 575 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 5 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 343054 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 87.7 | 76 | 94.2 | 47 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 49 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES24 | |||
| 343055 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 43 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 8 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 343056 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 37 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 40 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 343057 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 79.7 | 74.2 | 84.2 | 278 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 26 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||
| 343058 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 76.3 | 57.1 | 88.6 | 45 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 39 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 343059 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12 | 9.4 | 15.1 | 396 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 40 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 343060 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - some other reason | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1528 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO138 | 49 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 343061 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | STOMACH | % | Percentage | 8.4 | 6.8 | 10.3 | 105 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 27 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES68 | |||
| 343062 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 30.5 | 27.3 | 33.9 | 384 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 28 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 343063 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 6.9 | 5.1 | 9.2 | 70 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 34 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES10 | |||
| 343064 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 841 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 13 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 343065 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 8 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 39 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES49 | |||
| 343066 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 56.8 | 52.8 | 60.6 | 576 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 54 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 343067 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 6.3 | 4.1 | 9.5 | 35 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 53 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 343068 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.7 | 81.3 | 93.4 | 166 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 36 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 343069 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 56.1 | 52.1 | 59.9 | 707 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 41 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 343070 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9.6 | 6.3 | 14.2 | 52 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 47 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 343071 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 5.3 | 1.3 | 19.7 | 2 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 53 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 343072 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 62.8 | 48.8 | 74.9 | 64 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 47 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 343073 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 75 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | 34 | BOC19 | ||||||||
| 343074 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 67.5 | 61.3 | 73.1 | 398 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 8 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 343075 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95 | 84.8 | 98.5 | 61 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 39 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 343076 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 94 | 87.9 | 97.2 | 139 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 39 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 343077 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $25,000 to $49,999 | % | Percentage | 16.8 | 10.4 | 26 | 19 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 49 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES6 | |||
| 343078 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.5 | 80.9 | 87.5 | 537 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 2 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 343079 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 25.9 | 22.2 | 30 | 161 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 34 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 343080 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.6 | 21.2 | 28.3 | 392 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 40 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 343081 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 22.2 | 15.8 | 30.2 | 44 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 36 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES41 | |||
| 343082 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 37.8 | 34.6 | 41 | 424 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 42 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 343083 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 80.6 | 76.6 | 84.1 | 384 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 36 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 343084 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care – Provider | Source of prenatal care (public/private) | PRAMS | Public | % | Percentage | 33.1 | 29 | 37.6 | 281 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP54 | QUO27 | 5 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES32 | |||
| 343085 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 27.3 | 24.4 | 30.5 | 358 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 28 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 343086 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 22.3 | 18.9 | 26.1 | 142 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 49 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 343087 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 54 | 49.3 | 58.6 | 304 | None | None | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 34 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 343088 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 77.9 | 73.2 | 82 | 452 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 5 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 343089 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 93.1 | 89.2 | 95.6 | 368 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 28 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 343090 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 3.3 | 1.7 | 6 | 13 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 26 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES8 | |||
| 343091 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $10,000 to $24,999 | % | Percentage | 25.3 | 14.4 | 40.6 | 26 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 13 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES5 | |||
| 343092 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 54.7 | 42.1 | 66.7 | 32 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 50 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 343093 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 5.4 | 2.7 | 10.5 | 11 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 47 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES2 | |||
| 343094 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 35.8 | 28.4 | 44 | 90 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 36 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 343095 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 81.7 | 76.7 | 85.8 | 263 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 56 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 343096 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.5 | 95.3 | 97.5 | 1015 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 49 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 343097 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 40 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 343098 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 42.8 | 38.9 | 46.8 | 253 | OTHER | Marital Status | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 15 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 343099 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 6 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 55 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 343100 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 69.8 | 60.1 | 78 | 77 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 26 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
