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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 343951 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 45 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 36 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 343952 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.1 | 90 | 95.3 | 430 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 37 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 343953 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 15.8 | 9 | 26.2 | 22 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 24 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES41 | |||
| 343954 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 79.2 | 75.2 | 82.7 | 463 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 34 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 343955 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 13 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES41 | ||||||
| 343956 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98 | 96.3 | 98.9 | 848 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 53 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 343957 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.2 | 88.7 | 98.8 | 85 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 17 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 343958 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.9 | 1.5 | 9.6 | 7 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 44 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES41 | |||
| 343959 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 54.4 | 39.9 | 68.1 | 45 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 24 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 343960 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 1 day for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO240 | 41 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 343961 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 15.3 | 5 | 38.4 | 13 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 41 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES41 | |||
| 343962 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 85.9 | 82.3 | 88.9 | 474 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 42 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 343963 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment (for those trying to get pregnant only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 10.9 | 7.5 | 15.6 | 37 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO222 | 31 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 343964 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 92.1 | 88.6 | 94.6 | 315 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 17 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES24 | |||
| 343965 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 39 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 10 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 343966 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 62.6 | 52.7 | 71.5 | 105 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 36 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 343967 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 14.2 | 9.5 | 20.7 | 24 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 34 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES41 | |||
| 343968 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 40.2 | 23.4 | 59.6 | 15 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 55 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 343969 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 51.4 | 46.2 | 56.5 | 372 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 5 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 343970 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.2 | 89.2 | 94.4 | 376 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 53 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 343971 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 20 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 2 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 343972 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 34.8 | 28.8 | 41.2 | 106 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 37 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 343973 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Morbidity | During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you have asthma? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP42 | QUO129 | 54 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | ||||||
| 343974 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | No | % | Percentage | 24.5 | 20.6 | 28.9 | 140 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 31 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES47 | |||
| 343975 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.3 | 97.9 | 99.8 | 571 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 27 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 343976 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 49.9 | 45.7 | 54.1 | 349 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 56 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 343977 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care – Provider | Source of prenatal care (public/private) | PRAMS | Public | % | Percentage | 64.2 | 60.1 | 68 | 434 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP54 | QUO27 | 17 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES32 | |||
| 343978 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | OBESE (30.0 + ) | % | Percentage | 20.4 | 15.2 | 26.9 | 63 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 2 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES43 | |||
| 343979 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | ADEQUATE PNC | % | Percentage | 47.8 | 39.1 | 56.7 | 59 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 10 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES14 | |||
| 343980 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 12 | 8.7 | 16.2 | 33 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 15 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES13 | |||
| 343981 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 58.2 | 54 | 62.3 | 394 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 39 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 343982 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKR RESUMED | % | Percentage | 9.1 | 5.9 | 13.6 | 42 | OTHER | Marital Status | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 25 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES29 | |||
| 343983 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 82.2 | 77.8 | 85.9 | 353 | OTHER | Marital Status | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 49 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 343984 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 94.7 | 92.5 | 96.2 | 517 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 50 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 343985 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 17.9 | 11.5 | 26.7 | 20 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 56 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 343986 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.4 | 16.6 | 44.1 | 16 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 26 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 343987 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 75.5 | 70.3 | 80 | 452 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 53 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 343988 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 30 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 41 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 343989 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 41.5 | 35.1 | 48.1 | 117 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 27 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 343990 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 28.7 | 19.7 | 39.7 | 39 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 39 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES41 | |||
| 343991 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 23 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 28 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 343992 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 10.5 | 6 | 17.7 | 16 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 42 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES34 | |||
| 343993 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 67 | 62.8 | 71 | 324 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 55 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 343994 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | DRINKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 50.3 | 45 | 55.6 | 271 | OTHER | Marital Status | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 31 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES17 | |||
| 343995 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - did not think she was at risk for HIV | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 71.7 | 55.3 | 83.8 | 39 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO139 | 25 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 343996 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.9 | 84.5 | 90.6 | 834 | None | None | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 13 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 343997 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 26.1 | 23.1 | 29.3 | 304 | None | None | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 55 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 343998 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment (for those trying to get pregnant only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11.7 | 8.4 | 16 | 65 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO222 | 44 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 343999 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 22 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 53 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 344000 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.4 | 8.6 | 17.6 | 43 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 39 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
