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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 348301 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 25.7 | 21.2 | 30.7 | 144 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 39 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 348302 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 44 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES41 | ||||||
| 348303 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 99.3 | 98.1 | 99.7 | 971 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 28 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES24 | |||
| 348304 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 36 | 27 | 46.1 | 111 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 13 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 348305 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 25.3 | 21.9 | 29 | 187 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 37 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 348306 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 75.3 | 65.4 | 83.1 | 87 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 42 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES24 | |||
| 348307 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 92.3 | 88.5 | 95 | 322 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 23 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 348308 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Have you ever heard or read that taking the vitamin folic acid can help prevent some birth defects? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 16.4 | 14.1 | 19 | 139 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO126 | 37 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 348309 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 31.2 | 27.8 | 34.8 | 342 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 36 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 348310 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 79.7 | 73 | 85.1 | 158 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 56 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 348311 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | Number of previous live births (the motherÂ’s parity classified as no previous live births or one or more previous live births). | PRAMS | 0 | % | Percentage | 78.1 | 64.4 | 87.5 | 84 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO26 | 47 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES114 | |||
| 348312 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 78.2 | 69.9 | 84.7 | 125 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 37 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 348313 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 69.6 | 60.1 | 77.7 | 86 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 26 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 348314 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 113 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 49 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 348315 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.5 | 3.8 | 7.9 | 38 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 50 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 348316 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 18.2 | 13.9 | 23.4 | 67 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 53 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 348317 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.9 | 95.6 | 99 | 475 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 5 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 348318 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 42 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 15 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 348319 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 50 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | ||||||
| 348320 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.3 | 77.9 | 84.4 | 471 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 10 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 348321 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | NONE | % | Percentage | 23.5 | 19.5 | 28 | 192 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 41 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES999 | |||
| 348322 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | Less than $10,000 | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 23 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES21 | ||||||
| 348323 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 6.9 | 2.3 | 18.7 | 4 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 28 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 348324 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK | % | Percentage | 80.9 | 77 | 84.3 | 771 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 41 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES63 | |||
| 348325 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 1.6 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 9 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 47 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES8 | |||
| 348326 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 3.4 | 0.6 | 18.4 | 2 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 47 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 348327 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14.4 | 10.9 | 18.7 | 58 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 27 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 348328 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 91.7 | 88.4 | 94.1 | 802 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 41 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 348329 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.4 | 22.4 | 26.6 | 194 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 54 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 348330 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.9 | 97.8 | 99.5 | 1220 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 53 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES24 | |||
| 348331 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 30 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 34 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 348332 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 64.3 | 54.2 | 73.3 | 53 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 56 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 348333 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 1.4 | 0.7 | 3 | 11 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 39 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES8 | |||
| 348334 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 55.4 | 49 | 61.7 | 328 | None | None | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 41 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 348335 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21.3 | 17.7 | 25.4 | 175 | None | None | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 47 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 348336 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - did not want others to think she was at risk for HIV | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO140 | 17 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES41 | ||||||
| 348337 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.6 | 85.3 | 91.3 | 553 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 36 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 348338 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 34.6 | 25.5 | 44.9 | 45 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 23 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 348339 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.5 | 17.7 | 33 | 60 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 47 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 348340 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE | % | Percentage | 15.2 | 12.1 | 18.9 | 62 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 37 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES65 | |||
| 348341 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 4.1 | 2.6 | 6.3 | 45 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 53 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES10 | |||
| 348342 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.5 | 95.8 | 98.6 | 699 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 44 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 348343 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 45.3 | 39.7 | 51.1 | 160 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 56 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 348344 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.2 | 0.8 | 2 | 21 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 49 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 348345 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 48.7 | 44 | 53.3 | 600 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 40 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 348346 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 11 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 2 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 348347 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2 | 1 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 50 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES12 | |||
| 348348 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 77.9 | 75.2 | 80.4 | 828 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 50 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES27 | |||
| 348349 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | (*PCH) Indicator of mother having her teeth cleaned any time prior to pregnancy (years 2004 - 2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 30.3 | 24.4 | 36.9 | 123 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO272 | 53 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 348350 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 97.4 | 94.4 | 98.8 | 284 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 37 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES24 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
