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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 348751 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you had a bad problem with drinking or drugs | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.8 | 72.1 | 88.6 | 107 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO200 | 44 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 348752 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 5 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 28 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 348753 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 86.8 | 73.7 | 93.9 | 91 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 5 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 348754 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 80 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 31 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 348755 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | No | % | Percentage | 22.5 | 17.8 | 28 | 42 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 56 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES47 | |||
| 348756 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 91.4 | 88.4 | 93.7 | 530 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 56 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 348757 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you lost your job even though you wanted to go on working | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 20.7 | 17.2 | 24.8 | 128 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO213 | 44 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 348758 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.4 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 94 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 28 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 348759 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 93.9 | 83.9 | 97.9 | 84 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 44 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 348760 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.4 | 86.7 | 99.1 | 64 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO138 | 17 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES24 | |||
| 348761 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about getting your blood tested for HIV? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 22.4 | 16.3 | 29.9 | 54 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO39 | 2 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 348762 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 37 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 36 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 348763 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 45 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 39 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 348764 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 13.3 | 10.4 | 16.9 | 87 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 53 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 348765 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 67.9 | 62.3 | 73.1 | 242 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 56 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 348766 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 7.5 | 5.6 | 10 | 41 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 15 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES13 | |||
| 348767 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 8.3 | 6.5 | 10.6 | 73 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 26 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES13 | |||
| 348768 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | OK (NOT LBW OR PRETERM) | % | Percentage | 45.6 | 37.8 | 53.7 | 111 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 2 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES60 | |||
| 348769 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 17.4 | 14.3 | 21 | 100 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 26 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 348770 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 56.8 | 50.3 | 63 | 223 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 2 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 348771 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 84.1 | 80 | 87.5 | 830 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 41 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES28 | |||
| 348772 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.2 | 97.6 | 99.7 | 83 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 28 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 348773 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | Hospital Clinic | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 49 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES137 | ||||||
| 348774 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | (*PCH) Indicator of whether smoking is allowed in home now | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.8 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 5 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO260 | 5 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 348775 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 4 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 25 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 348776 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 56.3 | 46.2 | 66 | 71 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 56 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 348777 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.3 | 2.3 | 4.9 | 33 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 44 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 348778 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 7.8 | 5.9 | 10.3 | 82 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 5 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES10 | |||
| 348779 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 23.2 | 20.8 | 25.8 | 259 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 15 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 348780 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 19 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 31 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 348781 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 14.9 | 6.1 | 32 | 6 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO138 | 5 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES41 | |||
| 348782 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 19.4 | 16.2 | 23.1 | 123 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 27 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 348783 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 101 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 10 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 348784 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 26 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 348785 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 2.6 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 25 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 44 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES1 | |||
| 348786 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85.2 | 81.8 | 88 | 551 | OTHER | Marital Status | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 17 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 348787 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - did not want others to think she was at risk for HIV | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 99.5 | 98.7 | 99.8 | 62 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO140 | 50 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES24 | |||
| 348788 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 92 | 89.2 | 94.2 | 489 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 27 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 348789 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you lost your job even though you wanted to go on working | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.5 | 6.4 | 11.3 | 69 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO213 | 36 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 348790 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Indicator of whether an HIV test was refused among women offered the test | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 973 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO142 | 42 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 348791 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 4 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 24 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 348792 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 32 | 26.8 | 37.6 | 219 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 24 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 348793 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 97.6 | 94.2 | 99 | 385 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 47 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 348794 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.3 | 9.5 | 15.7 | 80 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 23 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 348795 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 94.2 | 84 | 98 | 117 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 8 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 348796 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 43.5 | 33.6 | 54 | 87 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 8 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 348797 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.8 | 95 | 98 | 710 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 26 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES24 | |||
| 348798 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 4 | 1.8 | 8.4 | 14 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 5 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES13 | |||
| 348799 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 0 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 36 | BOC18 | ||||||||
| 348800 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 0.8 | 0.1 | 4.5 | 2 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 13 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES41 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
