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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 349151 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21.3 | 16.4 | 27.1 | 92 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 47 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 349152 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 43.8 | 40.7 | 46.8 | 449 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 15 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 349153 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.2 | 93.5 | 97.9 | 343 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 34 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 349154 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 3 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 8 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 349155 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 4.6 | 2.9 | 7.2 | 48 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 8 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES9 | |||
| 349156 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | OK (NOT LBW OR PRETERM) | % | Percentage | 35 | 27.6 | 43.3 | 65 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 28 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES60 | |||
| 349157 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 921 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 44 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 349158 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 92 | 89.3 | 94.1 | 559 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 26 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 349159 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | Hlth Dept Clinic | % | Percentage | 7 | 4.7 | 10.3 | 49 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 8 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES136 | |||
| 349160 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 10.4 | 6.3 | 16.7 | 24 | None | None | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 36 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES41 | |||
| 349161 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 41.6 | 35.9 | 47.6 | 142 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 56 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 349162 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you argued with your husband or partner more than usual | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 5 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO197 | 23 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 349163 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 55.5 | 46.1 | 64.6 | 103 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 31 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 349164 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 1-3 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 6.2 | 5 | 7.5 | 103 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 17 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES69 | |||
| 349165 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.1 | 9.6 | 15.2 | 69 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 17 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 349166 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 36 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 44 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 349167 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 20.9 | 11.3 | 35.4 | 37 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 41 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 349168 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 25.1 | 16 | 37 | 31 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 2 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 349169 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 54 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 47 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 349170 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 12.8 | 9 | 17.8 | 49 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 5 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 349171 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 556 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 55 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 349172 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 22 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 5 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 349173 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 1-3 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 10 | 7.3 | 13.5 | 48 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 31 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES69 | |||
| 349174 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.3 | 93.9 | 97.8 | 1055 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 24 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES24 | |||
| 349175 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 1.6 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 14 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 27 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES41 | |||
| 349176 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 51 | 42.2 | 59.7 | 102 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 31 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 349177 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 41.8 | 38 | 45.7 | 371 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 44 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 349178 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 54.6 | 50.6 | 58.6 | 439 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 41 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 349179 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 35.5 | 28.3 | 43.5 | 100 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 27 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 349180 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | (*PCH) Indicator of whether smoking is allowed in home now | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 79.5 | 72.8 | 84.9 | 225 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO260 | 5 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 349181 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 72.7 | 67.6 | 77.2 | 255 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 49 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 349182 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 2.6 | 1.3 | 5.2 | 16 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 2 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES41 | |||
| 349183 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 100 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 27 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 349184 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Maternal Health Care | (*PCH) Indicator of having received preconception counseling (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 78.3 | 74.3 | 81.8 | 484 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP52 | QUO246 | 23 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 349185 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Maternal Health Care | (*PCH) Since your new baby was born have you had a postpartum checkup for yourself? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 6.6 | 1 | 32.4 | 2 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP52 | QUO244 | 39 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 349186 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 49.4 | 39.1 | 59.8 | 49 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 56 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 349187 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 52.8 | 48.2 | 57.4 | 328 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO35 | 44 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 349188 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 9.8 | 8 | 11.9 | 84 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 54 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES13 | |||
| 349189 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 10.2 | 8.2 | 12.5 | 170 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 8 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES40 | |||
| 349190 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 55 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 41 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 349191 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of mother delivering in a hospital | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 47 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO169 | 15 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 349192 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | ADEQUATE PNC | % | Percentage | 75.3 | 71.5 | 78.7 | 528 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 44 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES14 | |||
| 349193 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 7 days for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.2 | 96.8 | 99 | 943 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO19 | 25 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 349194 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 48.7 | 43.8 | 53.7 | 276 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 5 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 349195 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.4 | 13.4 | 17.6 | 257 | None | None | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 26 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 349196 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.9 | 12.6 | 19.8 | 61 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 25 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 349197 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 92.8 | 90.8 | 94.4 | 815 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 17 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES28 | |||
| 349198 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 39.5 | 31.9 | 47.6 | 106 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 36 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES40 | |||
| 349199 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | Number of previous live births (the motherÂ’s parity classified as no previous live births or one or more previous live births). | PRAMS | 0 | % | Percentage | 43.3 | 37.2 | 49.6 | 136 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO26 | 42 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES114 | |||
| 349200 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 49 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
