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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 350301 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86.8 | 76.4 | 93.1 | 122 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 41 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 350302 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 26.2 | 22.1 | 30.7 | 124 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 50 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 350303 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 2 | 0.5 | 7.4 | 2 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 49 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 350304 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | WIC | During your pregnancy were you on WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children)? | PRAMS | WIC | % | Percentage | 41.6 | 35.1 | 48.3 | 90 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA10 | TOP25 | QUO43 | 10 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES51 | |||
| 350305 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | Yes | % | Percentage | 63 | 55.9 | 69.6 | 207 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 31 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES48 | |||
| 350306 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONDRINKER | % | Percentage | 45.7 | 40.2 | 51.4 | 258 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 53 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES25 | |||
| 350307 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 4 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 55 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES11 | |||
| 350308 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | OFTEN/ALMOST ALWAYS | % | Percentage | 11.3 | 8.5 | 14.9 | 42 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 41 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES30 | |||
| 350309 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 7.1 | 3.3 | 14.3 | 17 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 24 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 350310 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 84 | 80.8 | 86.7 | 530 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 50 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES27 | |||
| 350311 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 63.4 | 59.7 | 66.9 | 709 | None | None | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 36 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES24 | |||
| 350312 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | NONE | % | Percentage | 27.5 | 25 | 30.2 | 372 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 26 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES999 | |||
| 350313 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 83 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 44 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 350314 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Morbidity | During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you have anemia (poor blood low iron)? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.3 | 83.3 | 90.4 | 222 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP42 | QUO132 | 10 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 350315 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 78.6 | 71.3 | 84.4 | 170 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 27 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES27 | |||
| 350316 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 2.7 | 1.6 | 4.7 | 18 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 54 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 350317 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 1.1 | 0.2 | 7.5 | 1 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 37 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES8 | |||
| 350318 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1337 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 53 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 350319 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 25.7 | 21.2 | 30.9 | 152 | None | None | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 28 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES41 | |||
| 350320 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any placenta problems (such as abruptio placental placenta previa) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.7 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 66 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO157 | 49 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 350321 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 72 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 54 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 350322 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 13.2 | 9.4 | 18.3 | 56 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 47 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES13 | |||
| 350323 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1360 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 24 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 350324 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 76.8 | 69.8 | 82.6 | 160 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 56 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 350325 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 47.7 | 43.8 | 51.7 | 789 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 40 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 350326 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 47 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | ||||||
| 350327 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about doing tests to screen for birth defects or diseases that run in your family? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 92 | 87.4 | 95 | 255 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO67 | 42 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 350328 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 18.8 | 15 | 23.2 | 85 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 50 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES1 | |||
| 350329 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.5 | 90.3 | 98.8 | 195 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 27 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 350330 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.6 | 79 | 87.4 | 431 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 53 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 350331 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 49.8 | 45.7 | 53.8 | 739 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 41 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES71 | |||
| 350332 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how drinking alcohol during pregnancy could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 70.6 | 64 | 76.3 | 203 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO38 | 26 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 350333 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 99.1 | 96.6 | 99.8 | 291 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 5 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 350334 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 3.6 | 1.3 | 9.9 | 4 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 44 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 350335 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.2 | 89.9 | 95.5 | 502 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 54 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 350336 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 32.8 | 23.2 | 44 | 47 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 5 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 350337 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Indicator of whether an HIV test was offered among women not receiving the test | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 55.9 | 49.8 | 61.9 | 135 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO141 | 50 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 350338 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 24 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 28 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 350339 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 3 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 37 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 350340 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 92 | 90.1 | 93.6 | 1151 | None | None | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 2 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 350341 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 93.8 | 91.7 | 95.4 | 1128 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 8 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 350342 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 18.3 | 11.3 | 28.3 | 19 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 42 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 350343 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK | % | Percentage | 62.8 | 56.8 | 68.4 | 173 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 10 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES63 | |||
| 350344 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.1 | 75.2 | 85.9 | 210 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 37 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 350345 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 76.6 | 70.3 | 82 | 176 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 17 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES27 | |||
| 350346 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 6.8 | 5.2 | 8.8 | 28 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 23 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES10 | |||
| 350347 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15 | 10.2 | 21.5 | 40 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 53 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 350348 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 41 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES41 | ||||||
| 350349 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | MD / HMO | % | Percentage | 66.6 | 63.3 | 69.6 | 623 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 49 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES138 | |||
| 350350 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 29.6 | 25.9 | 33.7 | 209 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 55 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
