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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 353051 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | I do not know | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 50 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES46 | ||||||
| 353052 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 23 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES41 | ||||||
| 353053 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 68.6 | 65.1 | 71.9 | 639 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 42 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 353054 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 89.7 | 75.6 | 96.1 | 81 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 41 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 353055 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 2.1 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 15 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 27 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 353056 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | OK (NOT LBW OR PRETERM) | % | Percentage | 48.8 | 44.2 | 53.5 | 240 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 23 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES60 | |||
| 353057 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 51.3 | 47.5 | 55 | 513 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 54 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 353058 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11 | 6.3 | 18.5 | 23 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 36 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 353059 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 78.1 | 74.3 | 81.4 | 517 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 56 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES27 | |||
| 353060 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 86.8 | 83.3 | 89.6 | 416 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 55 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 353061 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 86.2 | 80.4 | 90.6 | 231 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 27 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 353062 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 19.8 | 13.1 | 28.7 | 35 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 36 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 353063 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 80.9 | 73.8 | 86.4 | 144 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 34 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 353064 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.2 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 9 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 50 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 353065 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 75.4 | 72.4 | 78.1 | 751 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 49 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 353066 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.8 | 2.8 | 8.3 | 22 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 53 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 353067 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 6.6 | 4.9 | 9 | 49 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 44 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES13 | |||
| 353068 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you have your teeth cleaned? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 179 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO75 | 31 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 353069 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.8 | 10.2 | 18.5 | 36 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 25 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 353070 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 17 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 10 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 353071 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW & PRETERM | % | Percentage | 3.7 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 23 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 50 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES58 | |||
| 353072 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | OBESE (30.0 + ) | % | Percentage | 20.4 | 15.8 | 26.1 | 137 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 41 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES43 | |||
| 353073 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 1-3 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 11.5 | 6.5 | 19.3 | 15 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 47 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES69 | |||
| 353074 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18.7 | 14.4 | 23.9 | 97 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 36 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 353075 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | ALL 3 POSITIONS | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0 | 0.6 | 2 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 26 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES62 | |||
| 353076 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 13.6 | 10.1 | 18 | 34 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 31 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 353077 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | NO PREV LIVE BRTH | % | Percentage | 36.1 | 30.6 | 42 | 205 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 8 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES59 | |||
| 353078 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $50,000 or more | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 34 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES7 | ||||||
| 353079 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 90.2 | 86 | 93.3 | 332 | OTHER | Marital Status | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 26 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES24 | |||
| 353080 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 16.9 | 14.1 | 20.2 | 113 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 34 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES113 | |||
| 353081 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 20.1 | 16.3 | 24.5 | 138 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 44 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 353082 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 217 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 28 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 353083 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.9 | 76.3 | 94.3 | 54 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 26 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 353084 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 3.6 | 1.8 | 7.2 | 23 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 40 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 353085 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 63.1 | 59.1 | 66.9 | 502 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 37 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 353086 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 8 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 36 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES12 | |||
| 353087 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 31.3 | 26.2 | 36.9 | 89 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 10 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 353088 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 92.9 | 90.9 | 94.5 | 795 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 27 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 353089 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | Number of previous live births (the motherÂ’s parity classified as no previous live births or one or more previous live births). | PRAMS | 0 | % | Percentage | 32.2 | 26.8 | 38.1 | 185 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO26 | 41 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES114 | |||
| 353090 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 17.6 | 14.2 | 21.5 | 101 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 17 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 353091 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 55 | 44.8 | 64.8 | 101 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 27 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 353092 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | Unintended | % | Percentage | 34.2 | 25.8 | 43.7 | 61 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 39 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES37 | |||
| 353093 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did anyone else physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.5 | 97.5 | 99 | 1659 | None | None | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO314 | 54 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 353094 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 34.9 | 30.8 | 39.2 | 328 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 53 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 353095 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 92 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 13 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 353096 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 55 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO323 | 28 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 353097 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 28.3 | 18.9 | 40.2 | 36 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 27 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 353098 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | EVERY DAY/WEEK | % | Percentage | 24.2 | 17.6 | 32.4 | 29 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 15 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES72 | |||
| 353099 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 25 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 47 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 353100 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 90.1 | 86.9 | 92.6 | 502 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 31 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
