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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 358851 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 42 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 358852 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 23 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 31 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 358853 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 586 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 23 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 358854 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW & PRETERM | % | Percentage | 0.7 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 5 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 41 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES58 | |||
| 358855 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | (*PCH) Indicator of health insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 15 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO227 | 37 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 358856 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14 | 10.8 | 17.9 | 189 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 40 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 358857 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | NORMAL (18.5-24.9) | % | Percentage | 51.1 | 32.8 | 69.2 | 30 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 25 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES42 | |||
| 358858 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have preterm or early labor during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO155 | 15 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 358859 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18.7 | 15 | 23.1 | 94 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 39 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 358860 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.4 | 96.8 | 99.2 | 552 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 23 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 358861 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 10 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES24 | ||||||
| 358862 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 19.7 | 17.1 | 22.7 | 175 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 17 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 358863 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 83.1 | 78.2 | 87.1 | 395 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 39 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 358864 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 81.6 | 78.6 | 84.3 | 590 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 15 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 358865 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 82.3 | 75.8 | 87.3 | 273 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 28 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 358866 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you have your teeth cleaned? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.5 | 21 | 37.4 | 49 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO75 | 26 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 358867 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 62.4 | 59.1 | 65.6 | 734 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 8 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 358868 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 34.8 | 32.5 | 37.2 | 528 | None | None | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 34 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 358869 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 85.9 | 82 | 89 | 464 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 26 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 358870 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 23.3 | 12.2 | 39.8 | 13 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 55 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 358871 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5 | 3.6 | 7 | 53 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 28 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 358872 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception for those not trying to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 34.4 | 25.3 | 44.9 | 30 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO241 | 15 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 358873 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.2 | 94.5 | 97.4 | 747 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 49 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 358874 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 27.6 | 22.7 | 33.1 | 94 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 50 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 358875 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.7 | 94.2 | 98.2 | 336 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 15 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES24 | |||
| 358876 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK/STOMACH | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.7 | 2 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 53 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES64 | |||
| 358877 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 74.3 | 71.5 | 76.9 | 765 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 15 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 358878 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 1 day for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.2 | 80.8 | 87 | 592 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO240 | 5 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 358879 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.5 | 98.9 | 99.8 | 555 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 5 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 358880 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 53.2 | 39.9 | 66 | 65 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 13 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 358881 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONDRNKR RESUMED | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 5 | None | None | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 5 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES26 | |||
| 358882 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS SAME OR MORE | % | Percentage | 0.8 | 0.3 | 2.4 | 11 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 24 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES4 | |||
| 358883 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 37.4 | 19.3 | 59.8 | 11 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 2 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 358884 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 33.9 | 19.5 | 52 | 16 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 23 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 358885 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "3-5" | % | Percentage | 21.3 | 17 | 26.4 | 128 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 8 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES122 | |||
| 358886 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Morbidity | During the 3 months before you got pregnant with your new baby did you have anemia (poor blood low iron)? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.9 | 78.9 | 89.4 | 196 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP42 | QUO132 | 55 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 358887 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 11.1 | 9 | 13.8 | 72 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 23 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES24 | |||
| 358888 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81 | 70.5 | 88.4 | 66 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 10 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 358889 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | NO PREV LIVE BRTH | % | Percentage | 49 | 45.4 | 52.5 | 375 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 10 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES59 | |||
| 358890 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | Yes | % | Percentage | 79.6 | 75.2 | 83.5 | 467 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 13 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES48 | |||
| 358891 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 70.7 | 66.8 | 74.4 | 579 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 26 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 358892 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 13 | 11 | 15.5 | 140 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 17 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 358893 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her back to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 23.8 | 18.7 | 29.7 | 87 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO28 | 44 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 358894 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 4 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 42 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 358895 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 587 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 23 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 358896 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | NOT OBESE | % | Percentage | 78.1 | 74.8 | 81.1 | 623 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 34 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES112 | |||
| 358897 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | Yes | % | Percentage | 55 | 50.9 | 59 | 466 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 26 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES48 | |||
| 358898 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.4 | 98.2 | 99.8 | 209 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 55 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 358899 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | UNDERWT ( < 18.5) | % | Percentage | 7.7 | 6.3 | 9.5 | 157 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 54 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES45 | |||
| 358900 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.9 | 91.3 | 95.8 | 439 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 50 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
