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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 361151 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your water break more than 3 weeks before your due date (premature rupture of membranes PROM) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8 | 4.7 | 13.3 | 18 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO158 | 10 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 361152 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | Unintended | % | Percentage | 60.4 | 56.3 | 64.4 | 337 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 10 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES37 | |||
| 361153 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 24 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 13 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 361154 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 16 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 10 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 361155 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | ALL 3 POSITIONS | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 11 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 25 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES62 | |||
| 361156 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 8.9 | 4.5 | 16.8 | 16 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 53 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 361157 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95 | 92 | 96.9 | 449 | OTHER | Marital Status | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 23 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 361158 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 83.5 | 77.4 | 88.1 | 195 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 50 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 361159 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 29 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 37 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 361160 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | Did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about baby blues or postpartum depression during pregnancy or after your delivery? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 31.4 | 26.2 | 37.2 | 71 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO97 | 56 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 361161 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your water break more than 3 weeks before your due date (premature rupture of membranes PROM) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.6 | 94.7 | 97.8 | 324 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO158 | 8 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 361162 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 76.7 | 70.4 | 82 | 202 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 37 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 361163 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.4 | 93 | 97 | 416 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 15 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 361164 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 100 | 92 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 47 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||||
| 361165 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.6 | 0.5 | 21 | 1 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 49 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 361166 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 19.4 | 15.4 | 24.2 | 73 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 56 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 361167 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 8.2 | 4.2 | 15.3 | 12 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 28 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES41 | |||
| 361168 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 25.4 | 22.1 | 29.1 | 223 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 31 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES113 | |||
| 361169 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.4 | 83.3 | 90.6 | 323 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 15 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 361170 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 42.2 | 33.5 | 51.4 | 62 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 31 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 361171 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 68.2 | 65.5 | 70.7 | 973 | None | None | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 34 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 361172 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 15 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES41 | ||||||
| 361173 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 3.7 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 27 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 50 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 361174 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90 | 80.9 | 95 | 56 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 55 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 361175 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 4-6 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 3.7 | 2.6 | 5.2 | 33 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 15 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES70 | |||
| 361176 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 1 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 44 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES49 | |||
| 361177 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 5 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES24 | ||||||
| 361178 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | OBESE (30.0 + ) | % | Percentage | 20.3 | 17.7 | 23.1 | 210 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 40 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES43 | |||
| 361179 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 18.8 | 12.6 | 27.1 | 25 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 56 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES41 | |||
| 361180 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 1 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 10 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES3 | |||
| 361181 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from family or friends | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 8.4 | 6.3 | 11.1 | 51 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO303 | 27 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 361182 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 87 | 71.9 | 94.6 | 90 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 24 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||
| 361183 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 112 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 40 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 361184 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.3 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 10 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 39 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 361185 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 17 | 14.3 | 20.1 | 222 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 25 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 361186 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 65.2 | 59.1 | 70.9 | 366 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 24 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 361187 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $10,000 to $24,999 | % | Percentage | 19.5 | 17.3 | 21.8 | 265 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 17 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES5 | |||
| 361188 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.8 | 1.1 | 3.1 | 29 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 54 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 361189 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not think she could become pregnant (sterile) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 97.9 | 89.2 | 99.6 | 82 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO81 | 23 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES24 | |||
| 361190 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $10,000 to $24,999 | % | Percentage | 34.9 | 29 | 41.2 | 186 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 24 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES5 | |||
| 361191 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 2 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 17 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES8 | |||
| 361192 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - did not want anyone to know about the pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 94.5 | 91.6 | 96.5 | 833 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO286 | 8 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 361193 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Assisted Reproduction | (*PCH) Indicator of receiving any fertility drugs or treatment | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.9 | 97 | 99.6 | 149 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP50 | QUO223 | 31 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 361194 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 9.7 | 5.4 | 16.6 | 24 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 13 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES1 | |||
| 361195 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 28 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | ||||||
| 361196 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 2.2 | 0.3 | 13.9 | 1 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 55 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES12 | |||
| 361197 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 58.3 | 53.8 | 62.7 | 318 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 49 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES24 | |||
| 361198 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you had a lot of bills you could not pay | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 36.4 | 28.5 | 45.1 | 60 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO198 | 42 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 361199 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 58.1 | 46.5 | 68.9 | 49 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 42 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 361200 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 9 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 50 | BOC19 | BOC19 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
