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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 365501 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 88 | 84.7 | 90.6 | 520 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 37 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 365502 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | Indicator of ever having teeth cleaned | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 85 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO92 | 39 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 365503 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - previously tested for HIV | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 52.9 | 44.1 | 61.6 | 63 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO137 | 50 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||
| 365504 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 77 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 53 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 365505 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 1.6 | 0.4 | 6.5 | 2 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 41 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 365506 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about breastfeeding your baby? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 56 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO37 | 5 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 365507 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21.5 | 15.9 | 28.3 | 58 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 31 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 365508 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 13.6 | 7.6 | 23.1 | 21 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 47 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES41 | |||
| 365509 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 6-10/day | % | Percentage | 4.6 | 3 | 7.1 | 27 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 56 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES13 | |||
| 365510 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.7 | 78.2 | 84.8 | 572 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 31 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 365511 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 85.3 | 81.6 | 88.3 | 440 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 50 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 365512 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | (*PCH) Indicator of postpartum contraception use | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 84.2 | 74 | 90.9 | 66 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO2 | 56 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 365513 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93.5 | 91.3 | 95.2 | 983 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 8 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 365514 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your water break more than 3 weeks before your due date (premature rupture of membranes PROM) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 11 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO158 | 23 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 365515 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of drinking any alcohol during the past two years | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 30 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO100 | 42 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 365516 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not think she could become pregnant (sterile) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 100 | 78 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO81 | 27 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES24 | |||||
| 365517 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.6 | 23.1 | 34.9 | 163 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 24 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 365518 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 81.8 | 62.5 | 92.4 | 30 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 42 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 365519 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Pregnancy Recognition | Pregnancy Confirmation after the First Trimester | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 96 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP18 | QUO34 | 41 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 365520 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 9.9 | 4.9 | 18.9 | 12 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 31 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES41 | |||
| 365521 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 38 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 34 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 365522 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 84.7 | 78.1 | 89.5 | 128 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 49 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES27 | |||
| 365523 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.4 | 95.6 | 99.4 | 114 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 39 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES24 | |||
| 365524 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 6.7 | 3.5 | 12.6 | 18 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 25 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 365525 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.8 | 85 | 91.8 | 304 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 15 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 365526 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of whether residence contains one or more bedrooms | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 99.1 | 98.1 | 99.6 | 675 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO326 | 31 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES41 | |||
| 365527 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | NOT OBESE | % | Percentage | 78.5 | 75.3 | 81.4 | 640 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 27 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES112 | |||
| 365528 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.6 | 81.8 | 91.8 | 221 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 39 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 365529 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 35.6 | 32.6 | 38.7 | 668 | None | None | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 25 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 365530 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 19 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 31 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 365531 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 93.6 | 91.3 | 95.3 | 956 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 40 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES24 | |||
| 365532 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 31.6 | 27.4 | 36.1 | 230 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 39 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 365533 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Not Getting PNC as Soon as Desired Among Women Who Began PNC Late or Not at All | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 72.3 | 52.3 | 86.1 | 15 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO11 | 2 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 365534 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 20.6 | 15.9 | 26.3 | 73 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 28 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES24 | |||
| 365535 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 49 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES24 | ||||||
| 365536 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 38.1 | 33.3 | 43.1 | 235 | OTHER | Marital Status | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 27 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 365537 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 865 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 10 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 365538 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 41 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 365539 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 25 | 18.2 | 33.4 | 52 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 2 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 365540 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care – Provider | Source of prenatal care (public/private) | PRAMS | Public | % | Percentage | 72.3 | 67.6 | 76.5 | 305 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP54 | QUO27 | 17 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES32 | |||
| 365541 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | STILL HOSP | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 3 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 42 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES36 | |||
| 365542 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | NOT OBESE | % | Percentage | 72.4 | 65.6 | 78.4 | 199 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 44 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES112 | |||
| 365543 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.3 | 88 | 95.1 | 564 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 40 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 365544 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 56.1 | 49.5 | 62.5 | 158 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 26 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 365545 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 90.7 | 85.2 | 94.2 | 173 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 44 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 365546 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NONDRNKR RESUMED | % | Percentage | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 6 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 24 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES26 | |||
| 365547 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | NOT OBESE | % | Percentage | 82.4 | 79.8 | 84.7 | 1572 | None | None | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 8 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES112 | |||
| 365548 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 49.3 | 46.4 | 52.1 | 579 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 10 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES23 | |||
| 365549 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 95.3 | 93.1 | 96.8 | 721 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 36 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES24 | |||
| 365550 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.6 | 78.5 | 95.3 | 92 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 47 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
