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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 365951 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.9 | 71.7 | 97.5 | 42 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 47 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 365952 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1301 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 40 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 365953 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.7 | 98.3 | 100 | 524 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 23 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 365954 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 765 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 23 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 365955 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 29 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 31 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 365956 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Infant Health | Injury Prevention | Baby was brought home from the hospital in an infant car seat | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 5 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA8 | TOP40 | QUO187 | 8 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 365957 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #DRKS SAME OR MORE | % | Percentage | 5.1 | 3.3 | 7.7 | 24 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 26 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES4 | |||
| 365958 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about physical abuse to women by their husbands or partners? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 46.3 | 42.6 | 50 | 324 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO35 | 28 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 365959 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.7 | 99.1 | 99.9 | 1455 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 34 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 365960 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 3.9 | 2.5 | 6 | 34 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 23 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES11 | |||
| 365961 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 10.5 | 4.7 | 22.1 | 8 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 26 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES41 | |||
| 365962 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.4 | 96.7 | 99.2 | 531 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 26 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 365963 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you go to a dentist or dental clinic? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 55.4 | 50.6 | 60 | 249 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO95 | 10 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 365964 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care – Provider | Source of prenatal care (public/private) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 257 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP54 | QUO27 | 8 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 365965 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous fetal death stillbirth or miscarriage | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 401 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO175 | 55 | BOC4 | BOC4 | |||||||
| 365966 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Preconception Health | Before you got pregnant did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk to you about how to prepare for a healthy pregnancy and baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP41 | QUO91 | 34 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 365967 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your water break more than 3 weeks before your due date (premature rupture of membranes PROM) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 51 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO158 | 34 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 365968 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | I do not know | % | Percentage | 15.7 | 9.4 | 25.2 | 24 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 8 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES46 | |||
| 365969 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "3-5" | % | Percentage | 21.9 | 14.4 | 31.9 | 57 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 40 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES122 | |||
| 365970 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | (*PCH) Indicator of no birth control use at conception | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 79.4 | 75.9 | 82.5 | 588 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO242 | 26 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 365971 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 70.3 | 66.2 | 74.1 | 483 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 37 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 365972 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 4.8 | 1.2 | 17.1 | 2 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO319 | 17 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 365973 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 26.4 | 21.4 | 32.2 | 87 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 23 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 365974 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 2.9 | 1.9 | 4.3 | 33 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 26 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES41 | |||
| 365975 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 131 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 24 | BOC10 | BOC10 | |||||||
| 365976 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 7 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 8 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 365977 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 15 | 9.2 | 23.3 | 19 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 27 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 365978 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you or your husband or partner went to jail | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 94.2 | 90.7 | 96.4 | 515 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO207 | 8 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 365979 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE/BACK | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 23 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES66 | ||||||
| 365980 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraception use at the time of pregnancy (for those not trying to get pregnant) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 60.6 | 54.1 | 66.8 | 254 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO89 | 25 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 365981 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 34 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 56 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 365982 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | DRINKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 47.3 | 43.3 | 51.4 | 331 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 37 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES17 | |||
| 365983 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 76.4 | 66.5 | 84.1 | 149 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 8 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES71 | |||
| 365984 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 50 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | ||||||
| 365985 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 843 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 50 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 365986 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 52 | 45.6 | 58.4 | 178 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 37 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 365987 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 98.2 | 96.7 | 99 | 677 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 37 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 365988 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 7.3 | 5.9 | 9.1 | 67 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 15 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES2 | |||
| 365989 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 91.8 | 87.2 | 94.9 | 299 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 55 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 365990 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | (*PCH) Indicator of drinking alcohol during the three months before pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 39.7 | 34.6 | 44.9 | 129 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO8 | 15 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 365991 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 17.3 | 12 | 24.3 | 43 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 53 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES9 | |||
| 365992 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 25 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 47 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 365993 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 56 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES24 | ||||||
| 365994 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96 | 88.1 | 98.7 | 175 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 24 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 365995 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 86.5 | 70.8 | 94.4 | 35 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 50 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES24 | |||
| 365996 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 4 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 61.9 | 47.4 | 74.6 | 36 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO4 | 26 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 365997 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 11.4 | 8.4 | 15.2 | 53 | OTHER | Marital Status | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 50 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES49 | |||
| 365998 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | LATER | % | Percentage | 27.8 | 19.7 | 37.5 | 31 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 27 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES109 | |||
| 365999 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | OK (NOT LBW OR PRETERM) | % | Percentage | 40.7 | 30.7 | 51.6 | 92 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 40 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES60 | |||
| 366000 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | INTERMEDIATE PNC | % | Percentage | 16.5 | 13.6 | 19.8 | 167 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 25 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES20 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
