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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 368601 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.3 | 89 | 94.6 | 391 | OTHER | Marital Status | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 49 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 368602 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.4 | 84.4 | 90 | 530 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 17 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 368603 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 28.1 | 24.7 | 31.7 | 259 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 54 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES113 | |||
| 368604 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21.7 | 19.2 | 24.4 | 204 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 15 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 368605 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 66.1 | 57.6 | 73.6 | 119 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 2 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES71 | |||
| 368606 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 23 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 23 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 368607 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any vaginal bleeding during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 13.8 | 11.1 | 17.1 | 88 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO149 | 26 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 368608 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Maternal Health Care | (*PCH) Indicator of having received preconception counseling (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 38.1 | 32 | 44.5 | 156 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP52 | QUO246 | 47 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 368609 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | Hospital Clinic | % | Percentage | 18.2 | 16 | 20.6 | 247 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 49 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES137 | |||
| 368610 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Infant Health | Infant Health Care | Indicator of infant checkup within 1 week of hospital discharge for infants discharged within 48 hours | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA8 | TOP11 | QUO10 | 28 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES23 | ||||||
| 368611 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Just before you got pregnant were you on Medicaid? (years 2000 - 2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 19.8 | 14.4 | 26.6 | 73 | $10,000 to $24,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO17 | 39 | INC36 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 368612 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | WIC | During your pregnancy were you on WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children)? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 30 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA10 | TOP25 | QUO43 | 24 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 368613 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 4.7 | 2.7 | 8.1 | 24 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 24 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES10 | |||
| 368614 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | (*PCH) During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your husband or partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO20 | 27 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 368615 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 81.7 | 77.8 | 85.1 | 680 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 53 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES27 | |||
| 368616 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 88.5 | 80.4 | 93.6 | 146 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 26 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 368617 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 10 | 6.8 | 14.5 | 29 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 56 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES34 | |||
| 368618 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 89.2 | 85.9 | 91.9 | 401 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 42 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 368619 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 31 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 368620 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 5.4 | 1.5 | 17.5 | 9 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 41 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES49 | |||
| 368621 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 9.7 | 4.2 | 21 | 13 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 39 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES1 | |||
| 368622 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | Yes | % | Percentage | 97.1 | 91.2 | 99.1 | 149 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 36 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES48 | |||
| 368623 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11.9 | 7 | 19.3 | 56 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 13 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 368624 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 90.2 | 86 | 93.3 | 430 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 36 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES41 | |||
| 368625 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1387 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 49 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 368626 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 40.3 | 34 | 46.9 | 140 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 28 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 368627 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 10.8 | 7.8 | 14.9 | 57 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 41 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 368628 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 5.8 | 4.2 | 8 | 57 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 25 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES1 | |||
| 368629 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about getting your blood tested for HIV? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 92.3 | 89.7 | 94.3 | 651 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO39 | 37 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 368630 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 32 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 15 | BOC17 | BOC17 | |||||||
| 368631 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | SOONER | % | Percentage | 8.3 | 5.7 | 11.9 | 44 | OTHER | Marital Status | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 2 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES110 | |||
| 368632 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 67.6 | 63.7 | 71.3 | 1048 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 24 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 368633 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Maternal Health Care | (*PCH) Indicator of having received preconception counseling (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.5 | 81.4 | 91.9 | 227 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP52 | QUO246 | 39 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 368634 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 3.3 | 2 | 5.5 | 18 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 50 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 368635 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 4.5 | 2.6 | 7.9 | 16 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 55 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES41 | |||
| 368636 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 44.9 | 37 | 53 | 101 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 28 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 368637 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | EVERY DAY/WEEK | % | Percentage | 33.4 | 30.6 | 36.4 | 676 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 8 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES72 | |||
| 368638 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW | % | Percentage | 3.8 | 2.3 | 6.1 | 24 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 37 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES57 | |||
| 368639 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | INADEQUATE PNC | % | Percentage | 4 | 2.7 | 5.9 | 26 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 10 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES18 | |||
| 368640 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | UNDERWT ( < 18.5) | % | Percentage | 4.1 | 2.4 | 6.9 | 19 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 28 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES45 | |||
| 368641 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- didn't mind getting pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 55.4 | 49.7 | 60.8 | 165 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO161 | 15 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES24 | |||
| 368642 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 30.5 | 27.5 | 33.8 | 431 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 2 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 368643 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $25,000 to $49,999 | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 25 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES6 | ||||||
| 368644 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 7 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 55 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 368645 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 77.7 | 75.4 | 79.9 | 1073 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 15 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 368646 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you lost your job even though you wanted to go on working | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.2 | 83.5 | 98.7 | 125 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO213 | 13 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 368647 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS SAME/MORE | % | Percentage | 6.4 | 4.8 | 8.5 | 42 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 15 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES2 | |||
| 368648 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of unwanted pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 58.7 | 42.9 | 72.9 | 30 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO265 | 17 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 368649 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Did you ever breastfeed or pump breast milk to feed your new baby after delivery? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 85.5 | 83 | 87.8 | 746 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO5 | 27 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 368650 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | ALL 3 POSITIONS | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.2 | 2 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 8 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES62 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
