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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 373701 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 66.3 | 56.4 | 75 | 95 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 50 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 373702 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | NONSMOKER | % | Percentage | 92.4 | 90.6 | 93.9 | 1056 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 15 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES28 | |||
| 373703 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether baby is most often laid on his or her stomach to sleep | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.9 | 86.2 | 91.2 | 667 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO29 | 17 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 373704 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85.2 | 81.6 | 88.2 | 505 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 23 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 373705 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | NBW (>2500g) | % | Percentage | 93.3 | 91.4 | 94.7 | 888 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 34 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES119 | |||
| 373706 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Just before you got pregnant were you on Medicaid? (years 2000 - 2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 87.9 | 82.5 | 91.8 | 476 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO17 | 13 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 373707 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 25.9 | 20.6 | 31.9 | 58 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 55 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 373708 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 23 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES41 | ||||||
| 373709 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.8 | 0.9 | 3.6 | 18 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 28 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 373710 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | LBW (<=2500g) | % | Percentage | 5.8 | 4.9 | 6.7 | 124 | $50,000 or more | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 17 | INC38 | BOC14 | RES118 | |||
| 373711 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21.2 | 13.7 | 31.4 | 43 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 53 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 373712 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.7 | 10.6 | 15.1 | 146 | None | None | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 17 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES40 | |||
| 373713 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 13.8 | 9.6 | 19.3 | 48 | None | None | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 36 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES41 | |||
| 373714 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.9 | 89.1 | 92.5 | 841 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 23 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 373715 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - afraid of getting test results | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 0.7 | 0.1 | 4.2 | 1 | None | None | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO136 | 50 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES41 | |||
| 373716 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 42 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 2 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 373717 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 22 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 47 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 373718 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.2 | 98.4 | 99.6 | 909 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 37 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 373719 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 26.5 | 15.2 | 41.9 | 16 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 47 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES41 | |||
| 373720 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1643 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Mother Hispanic | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 8 | BOC8 | BOC8 | |||||||
| 373721 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 34.1 | 25 | 44.6 | 41 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 44 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 373722 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 75.2 | 61 | 85.5 | 46 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 26 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 373723 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 3.4 | 1.9 | 5.8 | 14 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 42 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES1 | |||
| 373724 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 97.8 | 95.7 | 98.9 | 824 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 13 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 373725 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 84 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 2 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 373726 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.4 | 98.2 | 99.8 | 572 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 42 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 373727 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any trauma-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 16.8 | 14.6 | 19.2 | 171 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO212 | 10 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 373728 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 9.1 | 4.1 | 19.3 | 9 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO193 | 56 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES1 | |||
| 373729 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 46 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 44 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 373730 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 37.7 | 33.4 | 42.2 | 222 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 34 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 373731 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | At any time during your most recent pregnancy or delivery did you have a test for HIV? | PRAMS | I do not know | % | Percentage | 11.9 | 9.8 | 14.3 | 109 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO14 | 34 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES46 | |||
| 373732 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether Medicaid paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 47.9 | 40.6 | 55.3 | 212 | 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO267 | 24 | 12YR3 | BOC5 | RES24 | |||
| 373733 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any partner-related stressors reported | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 57.8 | 43.4 | 71 | 52 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO210 | 24 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 373734 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | LATER | % | Percentage | 66.9 | 55.9 | 76.3 | 82 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 27 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES109 | |||
| 373735 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | THEN | % | Percentage | 29 | 22.9 | 36 | 76 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 26 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES111 | |||
| 373736 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 7 | 3.2 | 14.8 | 9 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 5 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES41 | |||
| 373737 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 52 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Marital Status | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 24 | BOC3 | BOC3 | |||||||
| 373738 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Insurance Coverage | Indicator of insurance before pregnancy (excluding Medicaid) (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 28 | 15.3 | 45.4 | 17 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA10 | TOP30 | QUO310 | 25 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 373739 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | NO PREV LIVE BRTH | % | Percentage | 45.2 | 41.7 | 48.8 | 408 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 34 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES59 | |||
| 373740 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 98.2 | 96.3 | 99.1 | 382 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 10 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 373741 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you moved to a new address | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 20.7 | 11 | 35.6 | 24 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO209 | 8 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 373742 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | WIC | During your pregnancy were you on WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children)? | PRAMS | Non-WIC | % | Percentage | 29.4 | 18.6 | 43.1 | 37 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA10 | TOP25 | QUO43 | 36 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES50 | |||
| 373743 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 3 | 0.8 | 10.4 | 3 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 17 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES1 | |||
| 373744 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Infant Health | Breastfeeding | Indicator of whether mother was still breastfeeding 8 weeks after delivery. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 146 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA8 | TOP3 | QUO44 | 28 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 373745 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "3-5" | % | Percentage | 39.7 | 33.4 | 46.4 | 221 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 40 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES122 | |||
| 373746 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 50 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES40 | ||||||
| 373747 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 39.6 | 35.8 | 43.6 | 372 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 36 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 373748 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - aid such as TANF, welfare, WIC, Food Stamps, or SSI (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 62 | 55.8 | 67.9 | 276 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO299 | 36 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 373749 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether other sources paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.3 | 1.5 | 7.5 | 12 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO324 | 25 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 373750 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your water break more than 3 weeks before your due date (premature rupture of membranes PROM) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 4.7 | 3.4 | 6.5 | 45 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO158 | 27 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
