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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 376351 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 97 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 5 | BOC14 | BOC14 | |||||||
| 376352 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 29.2 | 25.8 | 32.9 | 188 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 10 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES40 | |||
| 376353 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE/BACK | % | Percentage | 4.1 | 1.1 | 13.7 | 5 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 13 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES66 | |||
| 376354 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW | % | Percentage | 2.2 | 0.4 | 12.1 | 2 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 13 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES57 | |||
| 376355 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 22 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 23 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 376356 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | Indicator of whether mother took vitamins more than 4 times a week during the month prior to pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 7 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO41 | 25 | BOC18 | BOC18 | |||||||
| 376357 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you need to see a dentist for a problem? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 28.9 | 24.1 | 34.3 | 106 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO93 | 49 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 376358 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Infant Health | Pregnancy Outcome | Indicator of infant currently alive | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 99.7 | 99.6 | 99.8 | 230 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA8 | TOP43 | QUO143 | 40 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 376359 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 45 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 54 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 376360 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you got separated or divorced from your husband or partner | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 19 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO201 | 36 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 376361 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | SOONER | % | Percentage | 21.1 | 17.5 | 25.1 | 141 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 44 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES110 | |||
| 376362 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 90.2 | 87.2 | 92.6 | 1265 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 41 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 376363 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about what to do if your labor starts early? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 88.9 | 82.4 | 93.2 | 226 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO66 | 25 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 376364 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | After your baby was born was he or she put in an intensive care unit? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.3 | 8.5 | 17.6 | 37 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO15 | 31 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 376365 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did an ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO315 | 23 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | ||||||
| 376366 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about birth control methods to use after pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 50 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO332 | 37 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 376367 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Reason for refusing HIV test - afraid of getting test results | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO136 | 17 | AYR1 | BOC4 | RES24 | ||||||
| 376368 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - wants to get pregnant | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO86 | 26 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES24 | ||||||
| 376369 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 7.5 | 2.8 | 18.6 | 14 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 40 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES41 | |||
| 376370 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were in a physical fight | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.8 | 94.7 | 98.1 | 591 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO205 | 42 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 376371 | 2008 | CO | Colorado | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about how using illegal drugs could affect your baby? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 12.1 | 4.4 | 29 | 8 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.843840757°, -106.133610921°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO215 | 8 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 376372 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for delivery | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 35.1 | 31.9 | 38.5 | 293 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO317 | 50 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES23 | |||
| 376373 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any emotional-related stressors reported | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21 | 16.3 | 26.6 | 112 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO202 | 13 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES40 | |||
| 376374 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | Indicator of whether infant usually sleeps in a shared bed. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 71.4 | 66.9 | 75.5 | 548 | None | None | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO73 | 47 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 376375 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 21 | 15.1 | 28.4 | 66 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 13 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 376376 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from a business, fees, dividends or rental income | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 96.4 | 78.4 | 99.5 | 51 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO302 | 36 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES24 | |||
| 376377 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 6.1 | 2.3 | 15.6 | 5 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 23 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES9 | |||
| 376378 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a kidney or bladder (urinary tract) infection during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 14.3 | 10.2 | 19.7 | 32 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO154 | 10 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | |||
| 376379 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she or partner was sterile | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.8 | 1.5 | 9.4 | 4 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO164 | 10 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES41 | |||
| 376380 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 5.6 | 2.3 | 12.9 | 13 | <20 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 39 | AYR1 | BOC19 | RES23 | |||
| 376381 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | NEVER | % | Percentage | 42.6 | 38.8 | 46.5 | 276 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 10 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES22 | |||
| 376382 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During the 12 months before you got pregnant did your ex-husband or ex-partner push hit slap, kick, choke, or physically hurt you in any other way? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 96.5 | 94.6 | 97.8 | 584 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO313 | 2 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES23 | |||
| 376383 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 84.1 | 78.3 | 88.5 | 192 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 50 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES40 | |||
| 376384 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | DID NOT WANT | % | Percentage | 0.6 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 3 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 24 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES49 | |||
| 376385 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about getting your blood tested for HIV? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 113 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Pregnancy Intendedness | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO39 | 39 | BOC11 | BOC11 | |||||||
| 376386 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 21-40/day | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 3 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 55 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES11 | |||
| 376387 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Indicator of Late (After First Trimester) or No Entry Into Prenatal Care | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 81.2 | 79 | 83.2 | 1346 | None | None | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO24 | 17 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES23 | |||
| 376388 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- problems getting birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.8 | 0.5 | 22.3 | 1 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO159 | 47 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES41 | |||
| 376389 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 24 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 31 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 376390 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - not having sex | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 31.1 | 20.3 | 44.5 | 22 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO82 | 34 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES41 | |||
| 376391 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 79 | 74.9 | 82.7 | 558 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 54 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 376392 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 41+/day | % | Percentage | 0.8 | 0.1 | 5.5 | 1 | Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 49 | SMK2 | BOC13 | RES12 | |||
| 376393 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner lost his job | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 18.3 | 7.9 | 36.7 | 14 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO208 | 40 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 376394 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 6.2 | 3.4 | 11 | 18 | None | None | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 31 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES41 | |||
| 376395 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | HIV Test | Indicator of whether an HIV test was offered among women not receiving the test | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 15.2 | 11.1 | 20.5 | 54 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP7 | QUO141 | 5 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES40 | |||
| 376396 | 2008 | OH | Ohio | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | LBW | % | Percentage | 3.5 | 1.5 | 7.9 | 19 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.060210141°, -82.404260056°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 39 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES57 | |||
| 376397 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | 37.7 | 31.8 | 43.9 | 108 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 42 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES121 | |||
| 376398 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 72.4 | 68.3 | 76.2 | 612 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 28 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 376399 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How often does your new baby sleep in the same bed with you or anyone else? | PRAMS | RARELY | % | Percentage | 25.3 | 20.7 | 30.6 | 154 | 20-29 yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO189 | 41 | AYR2 | BOC19 | RES33 | |||
| 376400 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $10,000 to $24,999 | % | Percentage | 18.7 | 15.8 | 22.1 | 197 | Non-Smoker | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 2 | SMK1 | BOC13 | RES5 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
