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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 376401 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 851 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 13 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 376402 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from family or friends | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 91.4 | 89 | 93.3 | 752 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO303 | 42 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES24 | |||
| 376403 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | < 1/day | % | Percentage | 1.1 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 9 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 27 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES8 | |||
| 376404 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | (*PCH) Indicator for whether mother smoked during the three months before getting pregnant | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 77.1 | 70.5 | 82.6 | 249 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO30 | 31 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES23 | |||
| 376405 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Demographics | Household Characteristics | Indicator of infant currently living with the mother | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 99 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA2 | TOP10 | QUO144 | 13 | BOC16 | BOC16 | |||||||
| 376406 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether Medicaid paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 71.4 | 65.4 | 76.8 | 224 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO267 | 37 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES41 | |||
| 376407 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Change in drinking between three months before pregnancy and last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | DRINKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 43.1 | 38.3 | 48.1 | 348 | Intended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO99 | 41 | IND1 | BOC11 | RES17 | |||
| 376408 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born a close family member was very sick and had to go into the hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 30.5 | 27.5 | 33.8 | 384 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO204 | 54 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 376409 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | History of previous live births | PRAMS | PRETERM | % | Percentage | 5 | 2.5 | 9.7 | 14 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO173 | 31 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES61 | |||
| 376410 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Infant Health | Morbidity - Infant | The baby's weight classified as low birth weight (LBW) if the weight was less than or equal to 2500 grams or normal birth weight (NBW) if the weight was greater than 2500 grams | PRAMS | NBW (>2500g) | % | Percentage | 94 | 93.1 | 94.8 | 615 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA8 | TOP13 | QUO7 | 26 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES119 | |||
| 376411 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the last three months of pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | #CIGS REDUCED | % | Percentage | 2.5 | 1 | 6.1 | 8 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO192 | 27 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES1 | |||
| 376412 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | How many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day now? | PRAMS | 1-5/day | % | Percentage | 8 | 5.2 | 12.1 | 33 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO195 | 31 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES10 | |||
| 376413 | 2008 | DE | Delaware | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 94.8 | 92.2 | 96.6 | 360 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.008830667°, -75.577741168°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 10 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 376414 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Indicator of contraceptive use at time of pregnancy among women with an unintended pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO3 | 26 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | ||||||
| 376415 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 8.7 | 5.3 | 13.8 | 24 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 31 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES40 | |||
| 376416 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Infant Health | Smoke Exposure | Indicator of whether baby is exposed to cigarette smoke. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0 | 0.8 | 2 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA8 | TOP24 | QUO12 | 49 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 376417 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether Medicaid paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 26.8 | 23.7 | 30.1 | 256 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO267 | 27 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES41 | |||
| 376418 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 5.7 | 4.5 | 7.2 | 101 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 27 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES40 | |||
| 376419 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | BACK/STOMACH | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 1 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 56 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES64 | |||
| 376420 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the last 3 months of your pregnancy how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 84.8 | 64 | 94.6 | 36 | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO191 | 44 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES27 | |||
| 376421 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | SOONER | % | Percentage | 18.2 | 13.1 | 24.8 | 38 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 56 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES110 | |||
| 376422 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.1 | 98 | 99.6 | 765 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 25 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 376423 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | 11-20/day | % | Percentage | 4.9 | 3.3 | 7.1 | 30 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 37 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES9 | |||
| 376424 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Delivery | Delivery - Payment | Indicator of whether personal income paid for delivery | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA6 | TOP56 | QUO318 | 54 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES40 | ||||||
| 376425 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Infant Health | Injury Prevention | Baby was brought home from the hospital in an infant car seat | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 0.1 | 0 | 0.9 | 1 | INTERMEDIATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA8 | TOP40 | QUO187 | 27 | PNC3 | BOC18 | RES23 | |||
| 376426 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | (*PCH) Mother's prepregnancy body mass index classified as underweight normal overweight or obese | PRAMS | OVERWT (25.0-29.9) | % | Percentage | 27.7 | 22.1 | 34.2 | 68 | 30+ yrs | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO148 | 56 | AYR3 | BOC19 | RES44 | |||
| 376427 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - child support or alimony | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 3.5 | 2.4 | 5.2 | 48 | Age 18 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years only | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO301 | 25 | AGE1844ALL | BOC16 | RES41 | |||
| 376428 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having diabetes that began before recent pregnancy (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 12 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO152 | 5 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 376429 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.3 | 5.4 | 25.6 | 7 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 55 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES40 | |||
| 376430 | 2008 | ME | Maine | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care – Provider | Source of prenatal care (public/private) | PRAMS | Public | % | Percentage | 42 | 32.5 | 52.1 | 65 | Less than $10,000 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (45.254228894001°, -68.985031336°) | CLA11 | TOP54 | QUO27 | 23 | INC39 | BOC14 | RES32 | |||
| 376431 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 15 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES41 | ||||||
| 376432 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Initiation | Did you get prenatal care as early in your pregnancy as you wanted? (years 2000-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 5 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA11 | TOP20 | QUO296 | 56 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 376433 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about using a seat belt during your pregnancy ? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 31.3 | 24.7 | 38.7 | 130 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO36 | 41 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 376434 | 2008 | OK | Oklahoma | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother currently smokes | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 33.3 | 28.7 | 38.1 | 402 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.472031356°, -97.521070214°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO32 | 40 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES40 | |||
| 376435 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Demographics | Income | Income groups (years 2004 and beyond) | PRAMS | $50,000 or more | % | Percentage | 14.4 | 11 | 18.6 | 56 | 20-24 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO64 | 49 | AYR4 | BOC4 | RES7 | |||
| 376436 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have a blood transfusion during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.3 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 8 | Age 30 - 44 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO237 | 41 | AGE4 | BOC17 | RES40 | |||
| 376437 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Payment | Indicator of whether private insurance paid for prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 64.7 | 55.4 | 73.1 | 107 | 35+ yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA11 | TOP58 | QUO322 | 54 | AYR6 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 376438 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Content | During any of your prenatal care visits did a doctor nurse or other health care worker talk with you about medicines that are safe to take during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 86.6 | 83.9 | 88.9 | 686 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA11 | TOP19 | QUO216 | 34 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES40 | |||
| 376439 | 2008 | AR | Arkansas | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born you were homeless | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 18 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Number of Previous Live Births | (34.748650124°, -92.274490743°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO206 | 5 | BOC20 | BOC20 | |||||||
| 376440 | 2008 | IL | Illinois | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Indicator of no prenatal care | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 3 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.485010283°, -88.997710178°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO171 | 17 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 376441 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | LATER | % | Percentage | 28.1 | 25.2 | 31.2 | 389 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 31 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES109 | |||
| 376442 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | In the 3 months before you got pregnant how many cigarettes did you smoke on an average day? | PRAMS | None (0 cig) | % | Percentage | 75 | 69.6 | 79.8 | 194 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO190 | 31 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES27 | |||
| 376443 | 2008 | OR | Oregon | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 88.3 | 82.3 | 92.4 | 407 | Age 18 - 24 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (44.567449424°, -120.155031326°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 41 | AGE2 | BOC17 | RES23 | |||
| 376444 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | DIDNT TAKE VITAMIN | % | Percentage | 42.8 | 38 | 47.7 | 263 | Non-Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 53 | MED2 | BOC9 | RES71 | |||
| 376445 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have high blood pressure during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 84.8 | 80.4 | 88.3 | 357 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO238 | 47 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES23 | |||
| 376446 | 2008 | NY | New York (excluding NYC) | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - money from family or friends | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 12 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (42.827001032°, -75.543970427°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO303 | 36 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 376447 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born someone very close to you died | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 17.6 | 14.5 | 21.1 | 126 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO199 | 26 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 376448 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - husband or partner does not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age 45+ | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO80 | 54 | AGE5 | BOC17 | RES41 | ||||||
| 376449 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 99.4 | 98.4 | 99.8 | 639 | Non-WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 50 | WIC1 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 376450 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did your cervix have have to be sewn shut (incompetent cervix cerclage) during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 2.7 | 1.3 | 5.5 | 11 | 0 | Number of Previous Live Births | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO151 | 42 | PRV0 | BOC20 | RES40 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
