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CDC PRAMStat Data for 2008
| Row number | Year | LocationAbbr | LocationDesc | Class | Topic | Question | DataSource | Response | Data_Value_Unit | Data_Value_Type | Data_Value | Data_Value_Footnote_Symbol | Data_Value_Footnote | Data_Value_Std_Err | Low_Confidence_Limit | High_Confidence_Limit | Sample_Size | Break_Out | Break_Out_Category | Geolocation | ClassId | TopicId | QuestionId | LocationId | BreakOutId | BreakOutCategoryid | ResponseId |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 379801 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "1-2" | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | Age < 18 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 24 | AGE1 | BOC17 | RES121 | ||||||
| 379802 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Mental Health | (*PCH) Indicator of whether mother reported frequent postpartum depressive symptoms(years 2004 - 2008). | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 11.5 | 8.7 | 15.2 | 111 | White, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP32 | QUO74 | 24 | ETH4 | BOC6 | RES40 | |||
| 379803 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - thought she could not get pregnant at that time | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 73 | 66.2 | 78.8 | 208 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO165 | 31 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES24 | |||
| 379804 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother smoked during the last three months of pregnancy | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 9 | 6.7 | 12.1 | 63 | ADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO31 | 25 | PNC1 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 379805 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Have you smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the past 2 years? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 12.8 | 10.8 | 15 | 121 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO329 | 15 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES40 | |||
| 379806 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | In the month before you got pregnant with your new baby how many times a week did you take a multivitamin? | PRAMS | 4-6 TIMES/WEEK | % | Percentage | 3.9 | 2.4 | 6.2 | 20 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO335 | 44 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES70 | |||
| 379807 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE | % | Percentage | 17.8 | 13.7 | 22.8 | 46 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 15 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES65 | |||
| 379808 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - some other reason | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 82.4 | 72.8 | 89.2 | 153 | 25-34 yrs | Maternal Age (4 Levels) | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO162 | 53 | AYR5 | BOC4 | RES24 | |||
| 379809 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Maternal Behavior/Health | Alcohol Use | Indicator of whether mother reported having any alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 92.3 | 80.3 | 97.2 | 55 | Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA9 | TOP2 | QUO9 | 26 | HIS1 | BOC8 | RES23 | |||
| 379810 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 61.8 | 58.1 | 65.4 | 594 | >12 yrs | Maternal Education | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 31 | 12YR2 | BOC5 | RES23 | |||
| 379811 | 2008 | NE | Nebraska | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Total number of stressors reported grouped as none 1-2 3-5 and 6-13. | PRAMS | "6-13" | % | Percentage | 9.9 | 7.5 | 12.9 | 85 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (41.641040988001°, -99.365720623°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO211 | 31 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES120 | |||
| 379812 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Indicator for whether mother quit smoking during pregnancy (for smokers only) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 32.5 | 25 | 41 | 63 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO69 | 28 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES40 | |||
| 379813 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - some other source (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 4 | 2.6 | 6.1 | 38 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO306 | 2 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES41 | |||
| 379814 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | (*PCH) Indicator of intended pregnancy | PRAMS | Unintended | % | Percentage | 33.7 | 30.5 | 37.1 | 404 | None | None | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO16 | 55 | BOC99 | BOC99 | RES37 | |||
| 379815 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Visits | Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Kessner index) | PRAMS | UNKNOWN PNC | % | Percentage | 2.9 | 1.3 | 6.3 | 8 | < 12 yrs | Maternal Education | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA11 | TOP44 | QUO145 | 37 | 12YR1 | BOC5 | RES38 | |||
| 379816 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Multivitamin Use | (*PCH) During the month before you got pregnant with your new baby did you take a daily multivitamin? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 71.3 | 67.1 | 75.3 | 677 | 1 or more | Number of Previous Live Births | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP15 | QUO65 | 24 | PRV1 | BOC20 | RES23 | |||
| 379817 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Did you have any severe nausea vomiting or dehydration during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 64.8 | 59.7 | 69.6 | 299 | Unintended | Pregnancy Intendedness | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO156 | 44 | IND2 | BOC11 | RES23 | |||
| 379818 | 2008 | MI | Michigan | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Just before you got pregnant were you on Medicaid? (years 2000 - 2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 54.5 | 50.2 | 58.7 | 346 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.661319543001°, -84.71439027°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO17 | 26 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES23 | |||
| 379819 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Pregnancy History | (*PCH) Indicator of previous preterm birth | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 379 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Birth Weight | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP16 | QUO176 | 47 | BOC1 | BOC1 | |||||||
| 379820 | 2008 | WV | West Virginia | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | When you got pregnant with your new baby were you trying to become pregnant? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 63 | 60.6 | 65.3 | 507 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (38.665510202°, -80.712640135°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO257 | 54 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES23 | |||
| 379821 | 2008 | MA | Massachusetts | Maternal Experiences | Stress | In the 12 months before your baby was born your husband or partner said he did not want you to be pregnant. | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 57 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked last 3 months of Pregnancy | (42.27687047°, -72.082690675°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO33 | 25 | BOC13 | BOC13 | |||||||
| 379822 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 1 day for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 85 | 81.9 | 87.6 | 522 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO240 | 37 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES23 | |||
| 379823 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 10.7 | 6.9 | 16.3 | 29 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 44 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES41 | |||
| 379824 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - does not want to use birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 17.3 | 8 | 33.3 | 6 | Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO87 | 55 | ETH2 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 379825 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception - had side effects from birth control | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 14.2 | 9.6 | 20.5 | 42 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO163 | 28 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 379826 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Experiences | Abuse - Physical | During your most recent pregnancy did your husband or partner physically hurt you in any way? | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 1.5 | 0.2 | 8.2 | 1 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA12 | TOP1 | QUO21 | 56 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 379827 | 2008 | AK | Alaska | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother went to the hospital and stayed more than 1 day for a pregnancy-related complication (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 71 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Age (3 Levels) | (64.845079957001°, -147.722059036°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO240 | 2 | BOC19 | BOC19 | |||||||
| 379828 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | LATER | % | Percentage | 14.8 | 12 | 18.1 | 108 | MARRIED | Marital Status | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 55 | MA1 | BOC3 | RES109 | |||
| 379829 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - cannot pay for birth control | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 1236 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Medicaid Recipient | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO84 | 27 | BOC9 | BOC9 | |||||||
| 379830 | 2008 | NJ | New Jersey | Maternal Experiences | Stress | Indicator of any financial-related stressors reported | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 18 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (40.130570048°, -74.273691288°) | CLA12 | TOP48 | QUO203 | 34 | BOC6 | BOC6 | |||||||
| 379831 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - some other reason | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 30.1 | 19.9 | 42.8 | 37 | Medicaid | Medicaid Recipient | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO83 | 53 | MED1 | BOC9 | RES41 | |||
| 379832 | 2008 | RI | Rhode Island | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby born in a hospital | PRAMS | STILL HOSP | % | Percentage | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 8 | Non-Hispanic | Mother Hispanic | (41.708280193°, -71.522470314°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO168 | 44 | HIS2 | BOC8 | RES36 | |||
| 379833 | 2008 | GA | Georgia | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Location | Where did you go most of the time for your prenatal visits? | PRAMS | Hospital Clinic | % | Percentage | 11.8 | 7.1 | 19.2 | 53 | Black, non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (32.839681093°, -83.627580346°) | CLA11 | TOP57 | QUO331 | 13 | ETH1 | BOC6 | RES137 | |||
| 379834 | 2008 | HI | Hawaii | Infant Health | Sleep Behaviors | How do you most often lay your baby down to sleep now? | PRAMS | SIDE | % | Percentage | 13.9 | 6.8 | 26.3 | 7 | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (21.304850435°, -157.857749403°) | CLA8 | TOP23 | QUO328 | 15 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES65 | |||
| 379835 | 2008 | WI | Wisconsin | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Indicator of whether mother reported having gestational diabetes (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 93 | 90.7 | 94.7 | 742 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (44.393191174°, -89.816370742°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO153 | 55 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 379836 | 2008 | PA | Pennsylvania | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - paycheck or money from a job | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 99.4 | 97.1 | 99.9 | 229 | $25,000 to $49,999 | Income (years 2004 and beyond) | (40.793730152°, -77.860700294°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO304 | 42 | INC37 | BOC14 | RES41 | |||
| 379837 | 2008 | MS | Mississippi | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 24.8 | 19.9 | 30.3 | 74 | LBW (<=2500g) | Birth Weight | (32.745510099°, -89.538030825°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 28 | BWT1 | BOC1 | RES41 | |||
| 379838 | 2008 | VT | Vermont | Family Planning | Contraception - Conception | Reason for not using contraception at conception- husband or partner did not want to | PRAMS | NO (UNCHECKED) | % | Percentage | 89.4 | 82.1 | 94 | 130 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (43.625381239°, -72.517640791°) | CLA4 | TOP4 | QUO160 | 50 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES24 | |||
| 379839 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI >= 30) or non-obese (BMI < 30) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 23.6 | 19 | 28.9 | 84 | Age 25 - 29 | Maternal Age - 18 to 44 years in groupings | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO220 | 56 | AGE3 | BOC17 | RES113 | |||
| 379840 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Delivery | Hospital Length of Stay | Indicator of baby being discharged from hospital within 48 hours of birth. (for vaginal deliveries only) | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 270 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Maternal Education | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA6 | TOP9 | QUO1 | 56 | BOC5 | BOC5 | |||||||
| 379841 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Tobacco Use | Change in smoking from the three months before pregnancy to the postpartum period | PRAMS | SMOKER WHO QUIT | % | Percentage | 2.4 | 0.4 | 14.1 | 2 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP27 | QUO194 | 24 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES34 | |||
| 379842 | 2008 | WA | Washington | Maternal Behavior/Health | Morbidity - Maternal | Were you injured in a car accident during your pregnancy? | PRAMS | % | Percentage | 29 | 1 | Missing includes not applicable, don't know, not recorded, no responses, and legitimate skips | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (47.522278629°, -120.47001079°) | CLA9 | TOP14 | QUO150 | 53 | BOC12 | BOC12 | |||||||
| 379843 | 2008 | WY | Wyoming | Insurance/Medicaid/Services | Medicaid | Indicator of whether mother received Medicaid coverage for prenatal care. | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 54.7 | 44.9 | 64.1 | 46 | Other non-Hispanic | Maternal Race/Ethnicity | (43.235541343°, -108.109830353°) | CLA10 | TOP12 | QUO25 | 56 | ETH3 | BOC6 | RES41 | |||
| 379844 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Maternal Behavior/Health | Obesity | Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index classified as obese (BMI > 29) or non-obese (BMI <= 29) | PRAMS | OBESE | % | Percentage | 22.4 | 19.1 | 26 | 203 | NBW (>2500g) | Birth Weight | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA9 | TOP31 | QUO72 | 24 | BWT2 | BOC1 | RES113 | |||
| 379845 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Maternal Behavior/Health | Oral Health | During your most recent pregnancy did you have your teeth cleaned? | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 67.2 | 62.4 | 71.6 | 358 | WIC | On WIC during Pregnancy | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA9 | TOP33 | QUO75 | 49 | WIC2 | BOC10 | RES23 | |||
| 379846 | 2008 | NC | North Carolina | Family Planning | Contraception - Postpartum | Reason for not using postpartum contraception - currently pregnant | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | Not available if the unweighted sample size was less than 30. | INADEQUATE PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.466220975°, -79.159250463°) | CLA4 | TOP49 | QUO85 | 37 | PNC2 | BOC18 | RES41 | ||||||
| 379847 | 2008 | TN | Tennessee | Maternal Behavior/Health | Maternal Health Care | (*PCH) Indicator of having received preconception counseling (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | YES | % | Percentage | 24.5 | 14.6 | 38.1 | 28 | UNKNOWN PNC | Adequacy of Prenatal care | (35.68094058°, -85.774490914°) | CLA9 | TOP52 | QUO246 | 47 | PNC4 | BOC18 | RES40 | |||
| 379848 | 2008 | UT | Utah | Demographics | Income | Source of household income - social security, worker's compensation, disability, veterans benefits, or pensions (years 2004-2011) | PRAMS | YES (CHECKED) | % | Percentage | 2.9 | 1.2 | 6.9 | 6 | Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (39.360700171°, -111.587130635°) | CLA2 | TOP55 | QUO308 | 49 | SMK2 | BOC12 | RES41 | |||
| 379849 | 2008 | MN | Minnesota | Prenatal Care | Prenatal Care - Barriers | Barrier to prenatal care - couldnÂ’t take time off from work (years 2004-2008) | PRAMS | NO | % | Percentage | 95.5 | 93.9 | 96.7 | 983 | Non-Smoker | Smoked 3 months before Pregnancy | (46.355648736°, -94.794200503°) | CLA11 | TOP59 | QUO285 | 27 | SMK1 | BOC12 | RES23 | |||
| 379850 | 2008 | MD | Maryland | Family Planning | Pregnancy Intention | Just before you got pregnant when did you want to become pregnant? | PRAMS | SOONER | % | Percentage | 8.6 | 5.9 | 12.3 | 72 | OTHER | Marital Status | (39.290580964°, -76.609260111°) | CLA4 | TOP17 | QUO13 | 24 | MA2 | BOC3 | RES110 |
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Description
2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance system collecting state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. It is a collaborative project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants. PRAMS topics include abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, preconception health, pregnancy history, prenatal-care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, WIC, Medicaid, infant health, and unintended pregnancy. Data will be updated annually as it becomes available.
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Meta
- Category
- Maternal & Child Health
- Permissions
- Public
- Tags
- abuse, alcohol use, contraception, breastfeeding, mental health, morbidity, obesity, pregnancy history, prenatal care, sleep behavior, smoke exposure, stress, tobacco use, wic, medicaid, reproductive health, preconception health, infant health, unintended pregnancy
- Row Label
- SODA2 Only
- Yes
Licensing and Attribution
- Data Provided By
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Reproductive Health Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
- Source Link
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
- License
- Public Domain
Common Core
- Contact Name
- DRH Public Inquiries
- Contact Email
- PRAMSProposals@cdc.gov
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Public Access Level
- public
- References
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/prams/pramstat/index.html
- Issued
- 7/27/2023
- Bureau Code
- 009:20
- Program Code
- 009:020
- Described By
- https://chronicdata.cdc.gov/Maternal-Child-Health/CDC-PRAMStat-Data-for-2008/4ya2-fkvt
- Homepage
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
